1. No category

1393
1
6
1388
*1
2
(92/12/21 :
.
S
f
92/2/31 :
)
o
e
v
i
h
.
D
I
1388
.
c
r
.
A
.
.
1388
*[email protected]
.1
.2
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
.1
1388
.
(1390)
.
:
D
I
.
.
.
S
f
o
e
.
.
v
i
h
.
.
c
r
Scheufele, )
(1974) 1
A
.(1999
.
.
.(Williams, 2004: 93)
138
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
.
(
)
D
I
S
f
o
e
.
.
v
i
h
c
r
.2
.1-2
.
.(Jasper, 2007: 59)
A
.
1985)
3
«
(1981)
2
» «
.
»
.
(1985) 4
(1989
.
139
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
-
.
.
D
I
S
f
.(Williams, 2004)
.
«
(1974) 7
o
e
(1987) 6
(1969) 5
v
i
h
»
c
r
.
A
.
«
.
.
»
.2-2
.
.
140
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
.
D
I
.
S
f
.
o
e
.
v
i
h
7
»:
.(1997: 1214) «.
c
r
A
.(Snow, 2004)
.
.
.
(1969)
.
141
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
«
»
«
»
.(Turner, 1969: 391)
.
D
I
.
.
S
f
1980
.
)
o
e
.
.
iv
.
h
c
r
A
.
9
«
(...
8
.
»
.
«
»
.
.
142
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
12
(2004)
1388
11
(1974)
10
.
.
.
D
I
.
S
f
.
o
e
.(Snow, 2004)
.
»
.
.
c
r
«
»
v
i
h
.
A
.
«
.
.(Williams, 2004)
143
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
.
.
.
«
D
I
»
S
f
.
.
o
e
v
i
h
.
.
.3
.(Holsti, 1968: 608)
c
r
Hsieh & Shannon, 2005: )
.
A
.(1278
.
.
144
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
43
1388
.
.
.
D
I
.4
S
f
.
.
.
o
e
.
v
i
h
1387
(
c
r
.
A
.
)
.1-4
.
.
:
)
.(1387/12/20
145
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
»
«
-
»
.
«
.
»
D
I
«
13
.
S
f
.
o
e
.
v
i
h
.
c
r
A
.
[...]
.(1387/12/24)
.
14
»
.
146
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
«
.
15
»
«
» «
.
» «
D
I
.
«
»
S
f
.
.
o
e
.
.
v
i
h
.
-
c
r
.
A
16
.
:
.
.
147
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
.
.
.
D
I
.
.
S
f
.
«
17
o
e
»
.«
.
v
i
h
.
.
»
c
r
.
A
18
.
148
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
.
.
.
.
.
S
f
.
.
A
o
e
v
i
h
c
r
.
D
I
.
.
.
.
.
149
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
1388
)
13
.
.2 -4
.
«
» «
»
19
.
«
S
f
:
o
e
.(1388/3/17)
«
»
.
iv
.
h
c
r
A
D
I
»
«
.
»
20
.
:
.
150
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
.(1388/3/16)
.
21
D
I
.
S
f
.
.
o
e
.
iv
.
.
»
h
c
r
A
23
«
:
.
.
.
»
.
22
.
.
24
«
.
.
.
151
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
.
«
»
.
.
.
.
.
D
I
S
f
.
o
e
.
.
v
i
h
c
r
.
A
.
.
(
)
.3 -4
.
152
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
.(1388/3/30
1388
)
S
f
.
.
o
e
26
v
i
h
.
«
»
D
I
:
.
c
r
)
25
.
.
:
A
]
.(1388/6/14)
.
27
»
.
«
153
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
«
»
.
:
]
.
S
f
.(1388/9/15)
«
«
.
»
o
e
iv
28
»
h
c
.
r
A
D
I
.
.
.
29
.
.
.
(1390)
.
«
»
154
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
30
.
.
D
I
.
.
o
e
.
iv
31
h
c
r
A
.
S
f
(1391
.
.(1388/4/10
)«
)
.
»
.
.
.
-
-
(...
)
.
155
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
.
D
I
-
-
S
f
.
o
e
(
v
i
h
.
)
.5
A
.
.
c
r
.
.
.
156
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
.
.
.
.
.
D
I
.
S
f
.
o
e
)
.
v
i
h
)
c
r
.
(...
.
A
.
.
.
.
157
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
.
1388
D
I
.
.
S
f
.
o
e
1. Erving Goffman
2. Habermas
3. Melucci
4. Offe
5. Blumer
6. Turner & Killian
7. McCarty & Zald
8. the politics of signification
9. collective action frames
10. focusing
11. Articulation
12. Transformative
v
i
h
1388
c
r
A
22
1378
)
1387
4
1387
18. boundedness
1388
4
.6
24 .13
.14
17 .15
.16
.17
1388
14
.19
1388
14
.21
1388
17
.20
158
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
1388
1388
1388
9
18
.22
.23
14
1388
1388
30
1388
6
1388
6
1388
.26
.27
D
I
28 25 .28
S
f
o
e
.25
10
29. government
31. master frame
.24
.30
.7
» .(1391)
.88 -35
:
.4
iv
.
h
c
.7
«
.(1390)
.
.
Benford, R.D. (1993). "You Could Be the Hundredth Monkey: Collective
Action Frames and Vocabularies of Motive within the Nuclear
r
A
Disarmament Movement". Sociological Quarterly. No. 34. Pp. 195- 216.
Bernstein, M. (1997). "Celebration and Suppression: The Strategic Uses
of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement". American Journal of
Sociology. No. 103. Pp. 531- 65.
Blumer, H. (1969). Symbolic Interactionism. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:
Transaction.
Coburn, C.E. (2006). "Framing the Problem of Reading Instruction:
Using Frame Analysis to Uncover the Micro-processes of Policy
159
www.SID.ir
1393
1
______________________________
6
Implementation in Schools". American Educational Research Journal.
No. 43(3). Pp. 343- 379.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of
Experience. New York: Harper Colophon.
Gamson, W.A. & D.S. Meyer (1996). "The Framing of Political
Opportunity" in Doug McAdam, John D. McCarthy & Mayer N. Zald
D
I
(Eds.). Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. New York:
Cambridge University Press. Pp. 275- 90.
Hsieh, H.F. & S.E. Shannon (2005). "Three Approaches to Qualitative
S
f
Content Analysis". Qualitative Health Research. No. 15(9). Pp. 12771288.
o
e
Habermas, J. (1981). "New Social Movements". Telos. No.49. Pp. 7- 33.
Holsti, O.R. (1968). Content Analysis. in G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.).
The Handbook of Social Psychology. 2nd Ed. Pp. 596- 692. Vol. II. New
v
i
h
Delhi: Amerind Publishing Co.
Jasper, J.M. (2007). Cultural Approaches in the Sociology of Social
Movements. in B. Klandermans & R. Conny. Handbook of Social
Movements Across Disciplines. Pp. 50- 109. New York: Springer.
c
r
McCarthy, J.D. & M.N. Zald (1977). "Resource Mobilization and Social
Movements: A Partial Theory". American Journal of Sociology. No. 82.
A
Pp. 1212- 41.
Melucci, A. (1985). "The Symbolic Challenge of Contemporary
Movements". Social Research. No. 54. Pp. 789- 816.
__________ (1989). Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and
Individual Needs in ContemporarySociety. Philadelphia, PA: Temple
University Press.
160
www.SID.ir
_______________________ ...
1388
Noonan, R.K. (1995). "Women Against the State: Political Opportunities
and Collective Action Frames in Chile’s Transition to Democracy".
Sociological Forum. No. 19. Pp. 81- 111.
Offe, C. (1985). "New Social Movements: Challenging the Boundaries of
InstitutionalPolitics". Social Research. No. 54. Pp. 817- 68.
Snow, D.A. (2004). "Framing Processes, Ideology, and Discursive Fields"
D
I
in D.A. Snow, S.A. Soule & K. Hanspeter (Eds.). The Blackwell
Companion to Social Movements. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
S
f
Scheufele, D.A. (1999). "Framing as a Theory of Media Effects". Journal
of Communication. No. 49 (4). Pp. 103- 22.
Turner, R.H. (1969). "The Theme of Contemporary Social Movements".
o
e
British Journal of Socilogy. Pp. 390- 405.
Turner, R.H. & L.M. Killian (1987). Collective Behavior. 3rd Ed.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
v
i
h
Williams, R.H. (2004). "The Cultural Contexts of Collective Action:
Constraints, Opportunities, and the Symbolic Life of Social Movements"
in D.A. Snow, S.A. Soule & H. Kriesi (Eds.). The Blackwell Companion
c
r
to Social Movements. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Pp. 91- 116.
Williams, R.H. & T.J. Kubal (1999). "Movement Frames and the Cultural
Environment: Resonance, Failure, and the Boundaries of the Legitimate".
A
Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change. No. 21. Pp. 225248.
Zucker, L. (1991). "Postscript: Micro-foundations of Institutional
Thought" in W.W. Powell & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.). The New
Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press. Pp. 103- 106.
161
www.SID.ir