IV-2. 分子進化分野 - 筑波大学計算科学研究センター
⟃ἼᏛィ⟬⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᖺḟሗ࿌᭩ ,9 ศᏊ㐍ศ㔝 ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ ᩍᤵ ✄ᇉ ♸ྖ㸦ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ົࠊ⏕⎔ቃ⣔㸧 ◊✲ဨ ୰ᒣ ༟㑻 ᩍᤵ ᶫᮏ ဴ⏨㸦ඹྠ◊✲ဨࠊ⏕⎔ቃ⣔㸧 ≉௵ຓᩍ ㇂⸨ ࿃ᮁ㸦⏕⎔ቃ⣔㸧 Ꮫ⏕ Ꮫ㝔⏕ ྡࠊᏛ㢮⏕ ྡ ᴫせ ศᏊ㐍ศ㔝࡛ࡣࠊ┿᰾⏕≀ࡢせࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡢ⣔⤫㛵ಀゎ᫂ྥࡅࠊ㸱ࡘࡢࠕᰕࠖࢆタᐃ ࡋ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠙㸯ࠚ᪂ወ┿᰾ᚤ⏕≀ࡢⓎぢāāāāāāāāāāā┿᰾⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢ㒊ศࡣ⫗║࡛ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ ༢⣽⬊⏕≀࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ┿᰾⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢయീࢆ༑ศᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣ ゝ࠸ษࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛⮬↛⎔ቃࡽࡇࢀࡲ࡛ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸᪂ወ┿᰾ᚤ⏕≀ࢆ༢㞳࣭ᇵ㣴ᰴ ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙㸰ࠚྛ✀ࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒࣭ࢤࣀ࣒ゎᯒāāāāāāāāāāāāā┿᰾⏕≀ࡢせࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡢ⣔⤫㛵ಀࢆ ศᏊ⣔⤫Ꮫⓗゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡣࠊつᶍ㑇ఏᏊࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛⣔⤫㐍ⓗ⯆῝࠸ ⏕≀✀ࢆ㑅ࡧࠊᇵ㣴㑇ఏᏊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢྲྀᚓࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᇶࠊつᶍ㓄ิࢹ࣮ࢱ ゎᯒࢆ⾜࠸ṇ☜࡞┿᰾⏕≀⣔⤫ࡢ᥎ ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ ࠙㸱ࠚศᏊ⣔⤫ゎᯒࡢ᪉ἲㄽ◊✲āāāāāāāāāāāāāāāศᏊ⣔⤫ゎᯒ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊゎᯒࡍࡿ㓄ิࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ≉ 㛗ࠊ⏝ࡍࡿゎᯒἲ࣭㓄ิ㐍ࣔࢹࣝ࡞ࡼࡾࠊ⣔⤫᥎ᐃ೫ࡾࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡣ༢୍㑇ఏᏊࢹ࣮ࢱᇶ࡙࠸࡚◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ」ᩘ㑇ఏᏊࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ つᶍ㓄ิࢹ࣮ࢱࢆゎᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲㄽࡢ᳨ウࡣࡑࢀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌧≧࡛ࡣ㉸୪ ิィ⟬ᶵୖ࡛ຠ⋡ࡼࡃసືࡍࡿゎᯒࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡶ༑ศᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ つᶍ㓄ิࢹ࣮ࢱゎᯒ࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡾ೫ࡾࡢᑡ࡞࠸᥎ ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊ᪉ἲㄽⓗ◊✲⣔⤫ゎᯒࣉࣟࢢࣛ ࣒ࡢ୪ิࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ◊✲ᡂᯝ ࠙㸯ࠚつᶍ㓄ิࢹ࣮ࢱᇶ࡙ࡃ┿᰾⏕≀⣔⤫ࡢ᥎ + ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࠊPaliptomonas bilix ࢆྵࡴࢡࣜࣉࢳࢫࢱ⏕≀⩌ࡢつᶍ⣔⤫ゎᯒࠊࢹࢫࢥࣂ⏕≀ ⩌ෆ࡛ࡢ Tsukubamonas globosa ࡢ⣔⤫ⓗ⨨ࡢ᳨ウ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ࡢゎㄞࢆ⤊ࡋࠊㄽ ᩥࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ㸦<DEXNLHWDOSci Rep㸹.DPLNDZDHWDOGenome Biol Evol㸧ࠋ+ ᖺᗘ ࡣࠊ⣔⤫ⓗ⨨ࡀ☜ᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸᪂ወ⏕≀✀ࡘ࠸࡚ࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ -93- ⟃ἼᏛィ⟬⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᖺḟሗ࿌᭩ Microheliella maris ࡢ⣔⤫ⓗ⨨ࡢ᥎ Microheliella maris ࡣᾏ⏘ࡢ͆ኴ㝧͇࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙧែⓗ᭷୰ᚰ⢏ኴ㝧ࡢ㏆⦕ᛶࡀ♧၀ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ ᕥ㸸<DELNLHWDOProtist㸧ࠋࡋࡋࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡓ㑇ఏ Ꮚ㓄ิᇶ࡙ࡃ⣔⤫ゎᯒ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⣔⤫ⓗ⨨ࡣ☜ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ,OOXPLQD +LVHT ࡼࡿࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋM. maris ేࡏ࡚ゎᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᮍ グ㍕᭷୰ᚰ⢏ኴ㝧 657 ᰴࠊᮍグ㍕ᚑᒓᰤ㣴ᛶ㠴ẟ 657 ࡽࡶࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮ ࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣࠊୖグ ✀ࡽࡢࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ つᶍ⣔⤫ゎᯒࡢ‽ഛࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲேᾏὒ◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ࣭▮྿ᙯ᠇༤ኈࡢ ඹྠ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Rigifila ramosa ࡢ⣔⤫ⓗ⨨ࡢ᥎ Rigifila ramosa ࡣᚑᒓᰤ㣴ᛶ࣓࣮ࣂ㠴ẟ࡛࠶ࡾࠊMicronuclearia ⣔⤫ⓗ㏆⦕࡛࠶ࡿ 㸦ᅗ ୰ኸ㸧 ࠋࡋࡋ Rigifila㸩Micronuclearia ࢡ࣮ࣞࢻࡀࠊࡢ⣔⤫⩌ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀ࠶ ࡿࡣ᫂ࡢࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦<DEXNLHWDOProtist㸧 ࠋᡃࠎࡣ R. ramosa ࡢ⣔⤫ⓗ⨨ ࡢ☜ᐃࢆࡵࡊࡋࠊRigifila ramosa ࢆྵࡴ」ᩘࡢ┿᰾ᚤ⏕≀ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ'DOKRXVLH Ꮫ㸦࢝ࢼࢲ㸧 ࣭ $QGUHZ5RJHU ࠾ࡼࡧ $ODVWDLU6LPSVRQ ༤ኈࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ࣑ࢩࢩࢵࣆᕞ❧Ꮫ㸦࣓ࣜ࢝㸧 ࣭0DWWKHZ %URZQ ༤ኈࡢ◊✲ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡶ ,OOXPLQD +LVHT ࡼࡿࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ゎᯒࢆ ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᡃࠎࡣࠊRigifila㸩Micronuclearia ࢡ࣮ࣞࢻࡢ㏆⦕ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢹࣇ࢙ࣞࣜ 㢮 Diphylleria VS 657 ᰴࡽࡶࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊඹྠ◊ ✲⪅ࡽࡣࣥ࢟ࣟࣔࢼࢫ㢮ྵࡲࢀࡿ ✀㸦Ancyromonas ࠾ࡼࡧ Fabomonas㸧ࠊ࣐ࣥࢱࣔࢼࢫ 㢮 Mantamonas ࡽࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࠋᘬࡁ⥆ࡁୖグ┿᰾ᚤ⏕≀ ✀ ࡽࡢࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࠊつᶍ⣔⤫ゎᯒࡢ‽ഛࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣ⣔⤫ ゎᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊㄽᩥసᡂྲྀࡾࡿࠋ Azumiobodo hoyamushi ࡢ⣔⤫ⓗ⨨ࡢ᥎ ࢟ࢿࢺࣉࣛࢫࢳࢲ㢮ࡣࠊࣇࣜ࢝╀ࡾࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࢺࣜࣃࣀࢯ࣮࣐࡞ࡢྛ✀ᐤ⏕ᛶࡢ ⣔⤫ࠊ࣎ࢻ㢮࡞ࡢ⮬⏤⏕άᛶ⣔⤫ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ࢟ࢿࢺࣉࣛࢫࢳࢲ㢮ࡀ㐍ࡍࡿ㐣⛬ ࡛ࠊ⮬⏤⏕άᛶࡽᐤ⏕ᛶࡢ⛣⾜ࡀ⊂❧」ᩘᅇ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢヲ⣽ ࡣゎ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋAzumiobodo hoyamushi ࡣࠊ࣍ࣖࡢࠕࣇࢽࣕࣇࢽࣕࠖࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍ࢟ ࢿࢺࣉࣛࢫࢳࢲ㢮ࡢ᪂ወ⣔⤫࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ ྑ㸸+LURVHHWDODis Aquat Organ㸧ࠋ ᡃࠎࡣ࢟ࢿࢺࣉࣛࢫࢳࢲ㢮࠾ࡅࡿ⮬⏤⏕άᛶࡽᐤ⏕ᛶࡢ⛣⾜ࢆヲ⣽ゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ࣍ࣖᐤ⏕࡛࠶ࡿ A. hoyamushi ຍ࠼ࠊ㨶㢮ᐤ⏕ࡍࡿ࢟ࢿࢺࣉࣛࢫࢳࢲ㢮 Trypanoplasma borreli ࢆྵࡴつᶍ⣔⤫ゎᯒࢆィ⏬ࡋࡓࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣࠊࡲࡎୖグ ✀ᑐࡋ࡚ ,OOXPLQD +LVHT ࡼࡿࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣࠊୖグࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ -94- ⟃ἼᏛィ⟬⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᖺḟሗ࿌᭩ ࣮࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࠊつᶍ⣔⤫ゎᯒࡢ‽ഛࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊ⊂❧⾜ᨻἲேỈ⏘⥲ྜ◊✲ࢭ ࣥࢱ࣮ቑ㣴Ṫ◊✲ᡤ࣭㔩▼㝯༤ኈࡢඹྠ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᅗ 㸬ᕥࡽ Microheliella maris㸦┿ࡣ <DEXNLHWDO ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧ࠊRigifila ramosa㸦┿ࡣ <DEXNL HWDO ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧ࠊAzumiobodo hoyamushi㸦┿ࡣ +LURVHHWDO ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧 ࠙㸰ࠚྛ✀ࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒࣭ࢤࣀ࣒ゎᯒ ┿᰾⏕≀㐍࠾ࡅࡿྛ✀ࡢᮍゎỴၥ㢟ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⣔⤫ⓗከᵝ࡞┿᰾ᚤ⏕≀ࡽ ࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒࣭ࢤࣀ࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࠋ ࣟࣃࣟࢹ⛉⌛⸴⣽⬊ෆࡢࢩࣀࣂࢡࢸࣜඹ⏕య㸦ᴃయ㸧ࡢࢤࣀ࣒ゎㄞ ࣟࣃࣟࢹ⛉⌛⸴ࡣࠊ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࡸⰍ⣲యຍ࠼ࠊ⊂⮬ࡢࢩࣀࣂࢡࢸࣜඹ⏕య ࢆಖᣢࡍࡿ㸦ᴃయ㸪VSKHURLGERG\㸧ࠋᴃయࡣ❅⣲ᅛᐃ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡕࠊ❅⣲ྜ≀ࢆᐟ⣽⬊ ౪⤥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓᴃయࡣ⌛⸴⣽⬊እ࡛ࡣ⏕⫱࡛ࡁࡎࠊ⌛⸴⣽⬊ࡢศ ࡶፉ⣽⬊ཷࡅ⥅ࡀࢀࡿࡇࡣศࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᴃయࡀ⌛⸴⣽⬊ࡢ⛬ ᗘ⤫ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢヲ⣽ࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ୰ᒣ◊✲ဨࢆ୰ᚰࠊᡃࠎࡣࣟࣃࣟࢹ⛉⌛⸴ࡢ୍✀ Epithemia turgida ࡢᴃయࡽᢳ ฟࡋࡓ '1$ ࢆḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢣࣥࢧ࣮࡚ゎᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊᴃయࢤࣀ࣒ࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࢆỴᐃࡋࡓ 㸦ᅗ ᕥ㸧ࠋᴃయࢤࣀ࣒ࡢ⥲ሷᇶᩘࡣ 0ES ࡛࠶ࡾࠊඹ⏕⏕άࢆ㏦ࡽ࡞࠸ࢩࣀࣂࢡࢸ ࣜẚࢤࣀ࣒ࡣ⦰ᑠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᴃయࢤࣀ࣒ࡣࠊ⌛⸴⣽⬊እ࡛ ⏕⫱ࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ௦ㅰ㛵㐃㑇ఏᏊࡢከࡃࡀᾘኻࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐟ⣽⬊௦ㅰⓗ ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡅࡽࢀࡲࡋࡓࠋ⯆῝࠸ࡇࠊᴃయࡣගྜᡂ㛵㐃㑇ఏᏊࢆኻ࠸ࠊ ḟⓗගྜᡂ⬟ࢆኻࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉ࠊண㏻ࡾ❅⣲ᅛᐃᚲせ࡞㑇ఏᏊ୍ ᘧࡀᴃయࢤࣀ࣒୰ྠᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࡽࠊᴃయࡣ❅⣲ᅛᐃ⬟ຊࢆ࣮࢟ࣉࡋࡘࡘࠊ ࢩࣀࣂࢡࢸࣜࡢࢹࣥࢸࢸࡶ࠸࠺ࡁගྜᡂ⬟ຊࢆᤞ࡚ࡿ࠸࠺๓ࡢ࡞࠸㐍 ࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ'DOKRXVLH Ꮫ㸦࢝ࢼࢲ㸧 ࣭-RKQ0$UFKLEDOG ༤ኈࡢඹྠ࡛ࠊ E. turgida ᴃయࢤࣀ࣒㛵ࡍࡿㄽᩥࢆᇳ➹ࡋࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝⛉Ꮫ࢝ࢹ࣑࣮⣖せ Proc Nat Acad Sci USA ᥖ㍕ࡀỴᐃࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ E. -95- ⟃ἼᏛィ⟬⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᖺḟሗ࿌᭩ turgida ຍ࠼ࠊ+ ᖺᗘࡣࣟࣃࣟࢹ⛉⌛⸴ࡢู✀ Rhopalodia gibberula ࡢᴃయࢤࣀ࣒ࠊ ᐟ⣽⬊ࡢࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ゎᯒࡶ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣ R. gibberula㸦ᅗ ྑ㸧ᮦᩱࠊ ᴃయࢤࣀ࣒ゎᯒᐟ ᰾ࢤࣀ࣒ゎᯒࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᴃ యࡀࡢ⛬ᗘ⌛⸴⣽⬊ ⤫ྜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊᐟ ࢤࣀ࣒ࡣᴃయ⋓ᚓ ࡼࡾࡢࡼ࠺ኚࡋࡓ ࡢࡢ Ⅼࡘ࠸࡚ゎ᫂ ࢆヨࡳࡿࠋ ࣟࣃࣟࢹ⛉⌛⸴ ᴃయࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊ✄ᇉࡀ◊ ✲௦⾲ࢆົࡵࡿࠊ᪂Ꮫ⾡㡿 ᅗ 㸬ᕥ㸹Epithemia turgida ᴃయࢤࣀ࣒㸬ྑ㸹Rhopalodia gibberula㸬▮㢌 ࡣᴃయࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 㸦┿ᥦ౪㸹୰ᒣ༟㑻㸧 ᇦ◊✲㸦◊✲㡿ᇦᥦᆺ㸧 ࠕ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻ࣭ࣜⰍ⣲య௨እࡢඹ⏕࢜ࣝ࢞ࢿࣛᡂ❧㐣⛬ࡢゎ᫂㸦ㄢ 㢟␒ྕ 㸧ࠖࡢ୰ᚰⓗㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ගྜᡂᛶ┿᰾ᚤ⏕≀ࡢⰍ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒ゎᯒ ᡃࠎࡣ 㠴ẟ⸴࠾ࡅࡿⴥ⥳య⨨ࠊḟⓗ࡞ග ྜᡂ⬟ࡢḞኻక࠺Ⰽ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒㐍⯆ࢆᣢࡕࠊ 㠴ẟ⸴ Lepidodinium chlorophorum ᮍグ㍕⌛⸴ ,UL,V ᰴ㸦1,(6㸧ࡢⰍ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒ࢆゎᯒࡋࡓࠋ ୧◊✲ࡶࠊி㒔ᏛᏛ㝔࣭ே㛫⎔ቃᏛ◊✲⛉࣭ ᆅ⌫⎔ቃᏛᇽ࣭⚄ᕝ㱟㤿༤ኈࡢඹྠ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㠴ẟ⸴ L. chlorophorum ࡣࠊඖࠎᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓⰍ⣲ యࢆ⣽⬊ෆඹ⏕ࡋࡓ⥳⸴ࡢⰍ⣲య⨨ࡋࡓ⪃࠼ ᅗ 㸬ᕥ㸹Lepidodinium chlorophorum㸦┿ ࡣ 7DNLVKLWDHWDO ⏝ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸧㸬ࢫ ࢣ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮ࡣ ȝP㸬ྑ㸹ᮍグ㍕⌛⸴ ,UL,V ᰴ㸬ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࣂ࣮ࡣ ȝP㸬㸦┿ᥦ౪㸹⚄ ᕝ㱟㤿㸧 ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᅗ ᕥ㸧ࠋᡃࠎࡣࡇࡢ≉␗࡞ 㠴ẟ⸴⣔⤫࡛ࠊⰍ⣲యࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⥳⸴ࡀⰍ⣲యࡋ ࡓࡢࠊⰍ⣲య⨨క࠸ L. chlorophorum ࡢᐟࢤࣀ࣒ࢇ࡞ኚࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓࡢࢆ◊✲ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣ L. chlorophorum ࡢࢤࣀ࣒ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀᚓࡋࠊⰍ⣲యࢤࣀ ࣒ࢆゎㄞࡋࡓࠋL. chlorophorum Ⰽ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒ࡣ⣙ .ES ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ゎㄞࡉࢀࡓ ⥳⸴Ⰽ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒ẚ⦰ᑠࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࢤࣀ࣒ࢥ࣮ࢻࡉࢀࡿࢱࣥࣃࢡ㉁㓄ิࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ ⣔⤫ゎᯒ࡛ࡣࠊL. chlorophorum Ⰽ⣲యࡢ㉳※࡞ࡗࡓ⥳⸴ࡣ࣌ࢹࣀ⸴࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀゎ᫂ࡉ ࢀࡓࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣࠊࡇࡢⰍ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱ⣔⤫ゎᯒ⤖ᯝࢆㄽᩥࡲࡵࠊᢞ✏ࡍࡿࠋ ,UL,V ᰴ㸦1,(6㸧ࡣࠊḟⓗගྜᡂ⬟ຊࢆኻࡗࡓᮍグ㍕⌛⸴࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ ྑ㸧ࠋࡇ -96- ⟃ἼᏛィ⟬⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᖺḟሗ࿌᭩ ࡢ⌛⸴⣽⬊ෆࡣⰍ⣲యᵓ㐀ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊⰍ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒ࢥ࣮ࢻࡉࢀࡿࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒ 51$ 㑇 ఏᏊࡶỴᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸦.DPLNDZDHWDOPhycol Res ᥖ㍕ணᐃ㸹ࣈࣜࢸࢵࢩࣗࢥࣟࣥࣅ㸦࢝ ࢼࢲ㸧࣭%ULDQ /HDQGHU ༤ኈ࠾ࡼࡧ㞷྿┤ྐ༤ኈࡢඹྠ◊✲㸧ࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣ ,UL,V ᰴࡢࢤࣀ ࣒ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣࠊⰍ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒ࡢゎㄞㄽᩥࡢసᡂࡲ ࡛ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ ⥳Ⰽⴥ⥳యࢆࡶࡘ᪂ወ 㠴ẟ⸴ 75' ࠾ࡼࡧ 05' ᰴࡢࢤࣀ࣒࣭ࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ゎᯒ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ 㠴ẟ⸴ࡢ㐍୰࡛⥳⸴Ⰽ⣲యࡢ⋓ᚓ ࡣࠊLepidodinium ᒓࡢ♽ඛ୍࡛ᅇࡋ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋᡃࠎࡣᮾிᏛࢪ⏕ ≀㈨※⎔ቃ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࣭ᒾග༤ኈࡢ◊✲ࢢࣝ ࣮ࣉඹྠ࡛ࠊL. chlorophorum ࡣ⣔⤫ⓗ㞳ࢀࡓ ⥳ⰍࡢⰍ⣲యࢆࡶࡘᮍグ㍕ 㠴ẟ⸴ 75' ᰴ 05' ᰴࡢ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ 㸧ࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ 75' ᰴ 05' ᰴࡢⰍ⣲యࡣࠊL. chlorophorum ྠࡌࡃ ᅗ 㸬ᕥ㸹⥳Ⰽ 㠴ẟ⸴ 05' ᰴ㸬ྑ㸹⥳Ⰽ 㠴ẟ⸴ 75' ᰴ㸬㸦┿ᥦ౪㸹─༓⿱㸧 ࣌ࢹࣀ⸴ࢆ㉳※ࡍࡿࡀࠊᐟ㸦 㠴ẟ⸴㸧ࡢ⣔⤫ࡣ࠸㏆⦕ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ᫂ࡽ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ࠸⊂❧࡞ 㠴ẟ⸴ ⣔⤫ࡀࠊ⣽⬊ෆඹ⏕ࡋࡓ࣌ࢹ ࣀ⸴ࡽ⥳⸴Ⰽ⣲యࢆ⊂❧⋓ᚓࡋࡓࡇࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ⊂❧ࡋࡓ⥳Ⰽ 㠴ẟ⸴ ⣔ ⤫ࡢⰍ⣲యᐟ᰾ࢤࣀ࣒ࢆẚ㍑ゎᯒࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊⰍ⣲య⨨క࠺ඹ⏕యᐟࡢࢤ ࣀ࣒ࡢኚࡢᮏ㉁ࡘ࠸࡚㏕ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿࠋ + ᖺᗘ࡛ࡣࠊ75' ᰴ 05' ᰴࡘ࠸࡚ࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ゎᯒࢤࣀ࣒ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥ ࢫゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ࢹ࣮ࢱࡽࡣࠊ⥳⸴ඹ⏕యࡽ 㠴ẟ⸴ࢤࣀ࣒㌿ ⛣ࡋࡓ㑇ఏᏊࡢ᥈⣴ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ᰴࡢࢤࣀ࣒ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫࢹ࣮ࢱ୰Ⰽ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒᩿∦ ࢆ᥈⣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ+ ᖺᗘࡣࠊ⥳⸴㸫 㠴ẟ⸴㛫࡛ࡢ 㑇ఏᏊ㌿⛣ࡢㇺࡢᢕᥱࠊⰍ⣲యࢤࣀ࣒ࡢゎㄞ࡞ ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ ྛ✀┿᰾ᚤ⏕≀ࡢ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ゎᯒ ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࡣ⣽⬊ෆඹ⏕ࡋࡓȘࣉࣟࢸ࢜ࣂࢡࢸ ࣜࡀ㏥ࡋࡓ࢜ࣝ࢞ࢿ࡛ࣛ࠶ࡿࠋ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࡢᡂ ❧ࡣཎጞ┿᰾⏕≀⣽⬊῝ࡃ㛵㐃ࡋࠊ┿᰾⏕≀ࡢ⣽⬊య ไࢤࣀ࣒ᵓ㐀ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ᅗ 㸬Chrysochromulina VS 1,(6 ࡢ ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ ࡿࠋࡲࡓ┿᰾⏕≀ࡢ㐍㐣⛬࡛ࠊ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ ࢥ࣮ࢻࡉࢀࡿ㑇ఏᏊࡢ✀㢮ࡸᩘࠊࢤࣀ࣒ᵓ㐀࡞ࡀࡁࡃከᵝࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᡃࠎࡣྛ✀ࡢ -97- ⟃ἼᏛィ⟬⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘᖺḟሗ࿌᭩ ┿᰾ᚤ⏕≀ࡢ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ࢆゎㄞࡋࠊࡑࡢከᵝᛶ㐍ࢆゎ᫂ࡋࡼ࠺ヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ + ᖺ ᗘ ࡣ ࠊ ᭷ Ẇ ࣓ ࣮ ࣂ Paulinella chlomatophora ࠊ ࣁ ࣉ ࢺ ⸴ Chrysochromulina VS 1,(6 ࡢ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ࢆゎㄞࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ࢝ࢱࣈࣞࣇࣜࢫ㢮 RoombiaVS1< ᰴࠊࢡࣜࣉࢳࢫࢱ⏕≀⩌ࡢ᪂つ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ Paliptomonas bilix ࡢ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ࡢ ゎㄞࡶྲྀࡾࡗࡓࠋChrysochromulinaVSࡢ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1LVKLPXUDHW DO㸦Mobile Genet Elements H㸧࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ + ᖺ ᗘ୰ㄽᩥࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋୖグ࣑ࢺࢥࣥࢻࣜࢤࣀ࣒ゎᯒࡣࠊி㒔Ꮫ࣭⚄ ᕝ㱟㤿༤ኈࡢඹྠ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᎘Ẽᛶᚑᒓᰤ㣴ᛶࢫࢺ࣓ࣛࣀࣃࣝ⏕≀ 0$67 ࡢࢺࣛࣥࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣮࣒ゎᯒ ࢫࢺ࣓ࣛࣀࣃࣝ⏕≀⩌ࡣ 3&5 ἲࡼࡾᾏỈࢧࣥࣉࣝࡽቑᖜࡉࢀࡓ 6 ࣜ࣎ࢯ࣮࣒ 51$ 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