1. No category

Title
Ritual Fasts and Spirit Visions in the Liji
Author(s)
Citation
人文研究 (1996), 91: 99-126
Issue Date
URL
Carr, Michael
1996-03
http://hdl.handle.net/10252/1300
Rights
This document is downloaded at: 2015-01-31T22:04:15Z
Barrel - Otaru University of Commerce Academic Collections
9
9
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2
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c
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.(
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1
00
人
文 研
究
第 91 輯
S
EE [
S
a
c
p
e
dBo
o
k
so
ft
h
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s
t
]quot
e
sf
r
o
m Le
gge'
sLl
'
j
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it
r
ans
l
a
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i
on,I
I
.
r
e
c
he
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ki
ng t
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r
i
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g
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s
e Ll
j
i産記 [
Re
c
o
r
d ofRi
t
ual
s
/
Ri
t
e
s
]
Ⅰ
Ⅰ
.c
o
mpa
r
i
ngLe
gge
'
swi
t
ho
t
he
rt
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
o
ns
,Ⅰ
Ⅴ.l
ooki
ngi
nt
o
s
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ur
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e
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l
uc
i
da
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f
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o
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h
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if
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ul
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ur
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pe
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t
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ve
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r
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e
pi
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ve
s
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ga
t
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on'
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e
f
e
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e
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sf
r
om
Le
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'
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1
8
8
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it
r
a
ns
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a
t
i
o
n. Cha
pt
e
r9
,
J
h
l
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s
h
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n
g郊特牲 [
Subur
banSac
r
i
f
i
c
eo
faSi
ngl
eVi
c
t
i
m]
,f
i
ni
s
he
swi
t
h:
Theda
r
kc
ol
o
ur
e
dr
o
be
swo
r
ndur
i
ngvi
gi
la
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i
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at
i
o
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f
e
r
e
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upat
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o
no
ft
het
hought
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t
ht
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r
ka
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t
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rt
het
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e
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f
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on,
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hes
upe
r
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o
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ur
e
r
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os
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e
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os
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et
ho
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ss
ac
r
i
f
i
c
ewast
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f
e
r
e
d. (
t
Le
ggeI
:4
4
8
)
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g
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pt
e
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Me
ani
ngso
fSac
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i
f
i
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e
]
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s
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us
s
e
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nds
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ys
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s
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Thes
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xt
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nal
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y. Dur
i
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nkso
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e
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et
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t
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ys
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e
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et
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e
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o
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het
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r
dday
o
fs
uc
he
xe
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c
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s
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ls
e
et
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s
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o
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mi
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se
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o
ye
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Ont
hedayo
fs
ac
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i
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c
e
,whe
nbee
nt
e
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st
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pa
r
t
me
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o
ft
he
2
.Fo
re
xa
mpl
e[
t
r
.
Le
g
geI
I
:
2
1
0
],
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ns
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r
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1
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ewe
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n
d
s
.
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u
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sa
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p
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tVi
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n
si
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i
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t
e
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e
)
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ls
e
e
mt
os
e
e(
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hede
c
e
a
s
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d)i
nt
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a
c
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whe
r
ehi
ss
pi
r
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t
t
a
bl
e
ti
s
)
. Af
t
e
rheha
smo
ve
da
bo
ut(
andpe
r
f
o
r
me
dhi
so
pe
r
a
t
i
o
ns
)
,a
nd
i
sl
e
a
vi
nga
tt
hedoo
r
,hewi
l
ls
e
e
mt
obea
r
r
e
s
t
e
dbyhe
a
r
i
ngt
hes
o
unds
o
fhi
smo
ve
me
nt
s
,a
ndwi
l
ls
i
gha
shes
e
e
mst
ohe
a
rt
hes
o
undo
fhi
s
s
i
ghi
ng. (
t
r
.Le
ggeI
I
:2
1
0
2
1
1
)
"ac
c
ur
a
t
e
l
y
Ar
et
he
s
es
t
a
t
e
me
nt
s
,
whi
c
hJ
o
hns
t
onf
o
undH
r
a
t
he
rs
t
a
r
t
l
i
ng,
t
r
a
ns
l
at
e
d?
Ⅰ
Ⅰ
.St
e
pt
woi
st
ove
r
i
f
ybyc
o
ns
ul
t
i
ngLe
gge
'
so
r
i
gi
nalChi
ne
s
e
s
o
ur
c
e
. Thec
anoni
c
alLZ
j
it
e
xti
st
he(
1
8
1
5
)Shi
s
a
n
j
i
n
gz
hu
s
hu十三経注
疏 [
Thi
r
t
e
e
nCl
a
s
s
i
c
swi
t
hCo
mme
nt
a
r
ya
ndSubc
o
mme
nt
a
r
y]e
di
t
e
dby
1
7
6
4
1
8
4
9
)
,whi
c
hi
nc
l
ude
se
ar
l
ya
nnot
at
i
o
nsbyZhe
ng
Rua
nYua
n院元 (
1
2
7
2
0
0
)
,LuDe
mi
ng陸徳明 (
5
5
6
6
2
7
)
,a
ndKo
ngYi
ngda孔頴
Xua
n鄭玄 (
逮(
5
7
4
6
4
8
)
. Toanal
yz
eho
wt
heLl
'
}
'
ide
s
c
r
i
be
st
he
s
ef
a
s
t
i
nduc
e
ds
pi
r
i
t
ma
ni
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
ns
,t
hef
ol
l
o
wi
ngwi
l
lquot
et
heor
i
gi
nalc
l
as
s
i
c
alChi
ne
s
e
t
e
xt
,gi
veal
i
t
e
r
alEngl
i
s
ht
r
a
ns
l
at
i
o
n,
3p
ar
a
phr
a
s
et
he
s
ef
o
urc
omme
nt
at
o
r
s(
a
ndo
t
he
r
s
)
,a
ndl
i
ngui
s
t
i
c
al
l
ydi
s
c
us
st
hevo
c
a
bul
a
r
y.
Theノ
砂ide
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
nc
ont
r
as
t
st
wos
t
a
ge
sofz
h
ai賛 (
o
r賓)`
f
as
t
i
ng,
.
c
a
us
e
d;a
c
hi
e
ve
d,
t
r
a
ns
mi
t
a
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e
;
it
r
ualpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n'
t
ha
ta
r
ez
hi& '
wa '
di
s
pe
r
s
e
d,
s
c
at
t
e
r
e
d;
r
a
ndo
m;
s
pr
e
a
do
ut
;
t
e
d;
ut
mo
s
t
;
de
vo
t
e
d'
a
nds
a
3.Wi
t
h
i
n血el
a
p
i
d
a
r
ys
y
n
t
a
xo
fc
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
lChi
n
e
s
e
,
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
sa
r
eu
s
u
a
l
l
yo
mi
t
t
e
d
.Fo
ri
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
,t
h
i
sJ
t
'
y
i(
4
7
/
2
a
)pa
s
s
a
ge
wh
e
nu
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
nd
a
bl
ef
r
o
mc
o
n
t
e
xt
l
i
t
e
r
a
l
l
ys
a
y
s膏三 日乃見其所為膏者 `
f
a
s
tt
h
r
e
eda
y
s
,
t
he
ns
e
et
ho
s
ef
o
rwho
m
f
a
s
t
e
d.
'En
gl
i
s
hl
a
n
g
ua
g
es
e
xi
s
mc
u
s
t
o
ma
r
i
l
yr
e
n
d
e
r
su
n
d
e
r
s
t
o
o
dChi
n
e
s
e
t
h
i
r
dpe
r
s
o
ns
u
b
j
e
c
t
sa
sh
e
,
･
e
.
g.
,
Le
g
ge
'
S"
hewi
l
ls
e
e
.
" Ho
we
ve
r
,
t
h
eLi
j
i(
e
.
g･
･4
9
/
5
a
･p･
1
1
6
)s
pe
c
i
f
i
e
sbo
t
hme
na
ndwo
m.
e
nc
a
r
r
yi
ngo
u
tr
i
t
ua
lf
a
s
t
s
･
Thef
o
l
l
o
wi
n
gt
r
a
n
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
swi
l
le
mp
l
o
yno
n
s
e
xi
s
tO
neS
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
;
t
hu
s
,
'
l
a
f
t
e
r
]
'
f
a
s
t
i
n
gt
h
r
e
ed
a
y
s
,[
o
ne
]t
h
e
ns
e
e
st
ho
s
ef
o
rwho
m[
o
n
e
]f
a
s
t
e
d.
10
2
人
文 研
究 第
9
1輯
r
e
l
axe
d'
;l
i
s
t
sf
i
vet
o
pi
c
st
ot
hi
nk/
me
di
t
a
t
ea
bo
ut(
t
hede
c
e
as
e
d'
S居虞
`
l
i
f
e
s
t
yl
e
,dai
l
yl
i
f
e
,
'笑語 `
j
oke
s
;s
t
o
r
i
e
s
,
'志意 `
a
s
pi
r
at
i
ons
;i
nt
e
nt
i
o
ns
,
'所
whatt
he
ye
n
j
o
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膏三 日乃見某所為替者
有聞乎其容輩
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4
7
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a2
b)
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c
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1
9
4
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r
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ns
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at
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s
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a
n
g`
l
i
ht
g
'o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
so
fy
a
n厭 `
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n,
be
t
we
e
n陰 y
s
a
t
i
a
t
i
o
n'
(
t
r
.
Le
g
g
eI
:
3
3
8
)
:"
The
r
ei
st
h
eo
f
f
e
r
i
n
go
fs
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
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o
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ei
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a
r
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a
n
dt
ha
tma
d
ei
nt
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ebr
i
g
h
t
e
rp
l
a
c
e
.
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xpl
a
i
n
s也a
te
l
d
e
s
t
l陰厭 `
d
a
r
ko
f
f
e
r
i
n
g'
o
f`
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
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swhod
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u
n
gwo
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l
dbegi
v
e
nt
h
ef
ul
t
i
o
n'
;a
n
do
t
he
r
swo
ul
db
egi
ve
nt
hepa
r
t
i
a
l陽厭 `
l
i
g
h
to
f
f
e
r
i
n
g.
'
-
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
itVi
r
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
105
[
s
pi
r
i
t
s
]a
r
epr
e
s
e
nt
.
'
(
3
)Thea
ppar
i
t
i
o
nt
ha
tone`
mus
the
ar
'
whe
nl
e
a
vi
ngi
sadve
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bi
al
l
y
u粛 `
s
ol
e
mn,ma
j
e
s
t
i
c
;r
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pe
c
t
ul
f
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e
nt
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ge
r
,hur
de
s
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r
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t
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e
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ve
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e(
e
s
p.c
ol
d
)
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hr
i
nk,s
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ve
l
;be
at
i
ng (
s
o
unds
)
.
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e
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nt
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a
ge
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l
y,
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hr
o
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e
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ngs
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nes
f
r
i
ht
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e
ne
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e
at
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cf
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s
i
hi
g
ngbr
e
a
t
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n
bi
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ive
sa傑息 `
1
02)
. Cb
e
nHao陳浩 (
1
261-1
341
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o
s
s
e
st
hes
e
ns
o
r
yc
o
nt
r
adi
c
t
i
o
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ar
i
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he畢動 `
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t
i
o
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t
i
vi
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y'o
fas
pi
r
i
t
'
S容 `
a
ppe
a
r
a
nc
e
,
l
ooks
;
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a
c
e,
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o
unt
e
na
nc
e'
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l
gr
e
n(
1
9
7
1
,m0.4
5
5
)t
r
a
ns
l
at
e
s
:"
The
r
ei
sc
e
r
t
a
i
nl
y
s
o
me
t
hi
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ohe
a
ro
ft
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o
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a
ppa
r
i
t
i
o
n:
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onf
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gur
a
t
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on,
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.
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.
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li
s
h,butFr
e
nc
hc
o
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fz
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l
at
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o
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ne
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o
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l
e
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o
r
m,s
ha
pe
.
'
(
4
)Thef
i
nals
pi
r
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t
i
s
mt
ha
to
ne`
mus
the
a
r
'whe
nde
pa
r
t
i
ngt
he
f
i
l
l
e
dw
it
hf
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i
ng,hi
hl
g
y
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mpl
ei
sr
e
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o
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h ad
ve
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bi
alk
ai慌 `
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i悔
e
mot
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pe
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gr
y,wr
at
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ul
.
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pe
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Z
n`
e
mo
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o
nal
l
y,
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xa
s
pe
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a
t
i
ngl
y.
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ngi
nf
e
r
s
doorqui
e
t
l
yand ka
t
ha
t`
r
e
t
ur
nst
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utt
hedoo
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a
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t
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uf
f
i
c
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e
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met
o薦設
`
makes
ac
r
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f
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c
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als
e
t
t
i
n
gs
'
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c
hKo
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a
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ar
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c
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f
e
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c
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c
onVi
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t
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m(
madet
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nto
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and
pa
r
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nt
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ki
da
r
yVi
c
t
i
m(
t
oapr
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ge
ni
t
o
r
)
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ngaddst
hatwhe
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ve
rt
he
r
ei
snos
`
pe
r
s
o
na
t
oro
ft
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ad,
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ft
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t
i
ng'
be
f
o
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t
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a
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hes
pi
r
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t
;whi
c
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t
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l
yt
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c
kt
o
Zhe
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sYz
'
l
i儀 穫 [
Et
i
que
t
t
ea
ndRi
t
ual
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o
mme
nt
a
r
yf
o
rapas
s
a
geus
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t
he
s
es
a
meLi
j
i還 `
r
e
t
ur
n'and出戸 `
goo
utt
hedoo
r
'wo
r
ds
. The YZ
l
i
106
人 文 研
究 第
91 輯
(
4
3
/
2
b,c
f
.
St
e
e
l
e1
9
1
7
,2
:1
1
9
)s
a
yso
nes
ho
ul
dpr
e
s
e
nts
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
i
alo
f
f
e
r
i
n
gs
i
nt
hes
a
mema
nne
rwhe
t
he
ro
rnotpe
r
s
o
na
t
o
r
sa
r
epr
e
s
e
nt
,
a
ndde
s
c
r
i
be
s
(
4
3
/
3
b)me
na
ndwo
me
nwai
l
i
ngt
hr
i
c
e如食間 `
asi
ft
i
mef
o
re
at
i
ng,
'
whe
r
e
Zhe
ngno
t
e
sl
o
nge
no
ughf
orape
r
s
ona
t
ort
o九飯 `
dr
i
nkni
net
i
me
s
.
∫
Kongquo
t
e
sHuangKa
n皇侃 (
4
8
8
5
4
5
)do
ubt
i
ngt
ha
tt
hes
a
mepr
o
c
e
dur
e
swe
r
ef
ol
l
o
we
di
nbot
h 陰厭 `
da
r
k'a
nd 陽厭 `
l
i
ghts
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
on'
s
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
swi
t
ha
ndwi
t
ho
utpe
r
s
ona
t
o
r
s
.
The
s
eLi
j
iad
ve
r
bsa
i
y
l
a
n優然 `
appar
e
nt
l
y,
's
uy
m 粛然 `
s
ol
e
mnl
y,
'
a
ndk
ai
y
mi悔然 `
e
mot
i
onal
l
y'a
r
el
i
ngui
s
t
i
cke
yst
ot
he(
2
)
-(
4
)s
pi
r
i
t
vi
s
i
onso
rhal
l
uc
i
na
t
i
o
ns
. Pr
i
mes
e
ma
nt
i
ci
ns
i
ght
sc
o
mef
r
om t
hee
ar
l
i
e
s
tdi
c
t
i
ona
r
yt
ha
tde
f
i
ne
st
he
m,ⅩuShe
n許慎'
S(
c
a.
1
0
0C.
E.
)Shuo
u
)
e
n
s
pe
c
i
al
l
ys
i
nc
ei
t
spr
i
nc
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palco
mme
nt
a
r
y,byDua
nYuc
ai
j
i
e
z
i説文解字,e
段玉裁 (
1
7
3
5
1
81
5
)
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t
e
st
he
s
eLZ
j
ius
a
ge
so
fa
ia
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a
i
.
a
ppa
r
e
nt
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a
n
gf
u
Fi
r
s
t
,t
heShuo
we
nj
i
e
z
i(
8
A/
1
2
a
)de
f
i
ne
sai優 `
防備 (
t
hef
ol
l
o
wi
ng8
A/1
2
b併 and悌 de
f
i
ni
t
i
o
ns
)`
s
e
e
m/
bel
i
ke
;s
e
e
mi
ng,
a
si
f
;r
e
s
e
mbl
i
ng,s
i
mi
l
art
o;i
ndi
s
t
i
nct
,unc
l
e
a
r
,
'l
o
go
gr
a
phi
c
al
l
ya
nal
yz
e
s
ust
heai愛 `
l
o
ve'pho
ne
t
i
c;
6a
ndquo
t
e
sa
i
ta
st
he"
humanr
adi
c
al
"イ pl
hi
dde
nandno
ts
e
e
n.
'
gr
a
phi
cvar
i
antf
o
rShi
j
i
n
g(
4
2
.
1
,p.
1
0
4
)優而不見 `
Dua
nc
i
t
e
st
heLt
'
3
'
i`
Ont
hedayo
ft
hes
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
,whe
n[
one
]e
nt
e
r
st
he
t
e
mpl
e
,
appar
e
nt
l
y[
one
]mus
ts
e
et
he
m att
hes
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
s
,
'
par
a
phr
as
e
s
見如見 `
s
e
ea
si
fs
e
e
i
ng'one
'
spa
r
e
nta
tt
hes
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
,quo
t
e
st
heE7
ya
6
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i
n
e
s
ea
i"
l
o
ve
"i
sH
o
b
s
c
u
r
e
.
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s
i
d
e
st
he"
p
l
a
n
tr
a
d
i
c
l"州 i
a
na
i憂
`
hi
d
e
,
'
t
hi
sa
i愛 `
l
o
ve
'
p
ho
ne
t
i
ci
sl
o
go
gr
a
p
h
i
c
al
l
yc
o
mb
ne
i
dwi
t
ht
h
e"
s
u
n"日,
"
e
y
e
"目,a
n
d"
c
l
o
u
d"爾r
a
d
i
c
a
l
si
nt
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s
e`
o
b
s
c
u
r
e
d'
c
o
gn
a
t
e
s
:a
i唆 `
c
l
o
u
d
y,
d
i
m;o
b
s
c
u
r
e
,
'a
i@ '
o
bs
c
u
r
e
;hi
d
d
e
n,
'a
n
da
i# '
c
l
o
u
d
y;o
bs
c
u
r
e
'(
c
f
.a
ii
`
c
l
o
ud
y'
)
.
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
107
爾雅 (
2
/
7
4
,2
/
7
5
)de
f
i
ni
t
i
onsofa
i憂 `
hi
dde
n'anda
i優 `
s
ho
r
to
fbr
e
at
h,
'
andt
heShi
j
i
n
g(
2
5
7
.
6
)如彼遡風亦孔之優 `
iket
L
hathe
ad
wi
ndt
ha
tc
o
m･
pl
e
t
e
l
ymake
s[
o
ne
]br
e
a
t
hl
e
s
s
.
'
Se
c
ond,i
t(
3
B/
2
1
b)de
f
i
ne
ss
u粛 `
s
ol
e
mn;r
e
ve
r
e
nt
'a
s持事振敬
`
hol
di
ngwi
t
hs
haki
ngr
e
ve
r
e
nc
e'
;anal
yz
e
s粛 `
c
a
ut
i
o
n;r
e
s
t
r
ai
nt
'asan
ma
nualde
xt
e
r
i
t
y'o
ve
r`
e
dd
y,whi
r
l
pool
;a
by
s
s
'
i
de
o
gr
aphc
o
mbi
ni
n
g章 `
t
ht
he"
wa
t
e
rr
a
di
c
al
"
)
;quo
t
e
sf
ro
m Sht
j
i
n
g
(
us
ual
l
ywr
i
t
t
e
nyu
a
n淵 wi
t
r
e
mbl
i
nga
ndc
a
ut
i
o
us
,
asi
fa
ppr
oac
hi
ngade
e
p
(
1
9
5
.
6
)戟戟成就如臨深淵 `
a
bys
s
'
;andno
t
e
s粛 wasa
nc
i
e
nt
l
ywr
i
t
t
e
nwi
t
h心 `
he
a
r
t
,mi
nd'and P
`
kne
e
l
i
ng'i
ns
t
e
a
do
f`
e
ddy'att
hebo
t
t
om. Duanq
uo
t
e
st
heGu
an
g
yun虞
鶴 (
心覚)mu
l
t
i
pl
ede
f
i
ni
t
i
o
nofs
ua
sgo
n
g恭 `
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e
ve
r
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e
s
pe
ct
,
'
j
i
n
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`
r
e
s
pe
c
t
;
ho
nor
,
'
j
i
e戒 `
a
bs
t
a
i
n;a
voi
d:j
i
n進 `
advanc
e
;
l
e
a
df
o
r
war
d,
〉a
nd
di
s
e
a
s
e,pai
n;s
pe
e
d'
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ndc
l
ai
mst
heLi
j
ius
e
sj
i
na
sagr
a
phi
cl
oa
n
j
i疾 `
f
o
rx
i
u蓋 `
s
ha
me
;bas
hf
ul
ne
s
s
,
'andj
ia
so
nef
ors
u速 `
f
as
t
,s
pe
e
d'
(
Kar
l
gr
e
n1
9
6
8
,mos
.1
3
5
0
,1
7
8
8
,1
9
8
3
)
.
e
moThi
r
d,t
heShuo
we
nj
i
e
z
i(
1
0
B/
4
4
b)de
f
i
ne
sx
i悔 (
notk
ai悔 `
t
i
o
nal
'
)a
s大息 `
bi
gs
i
gh'
;a
nal
yz
e
s悔 a
sal
o
go
g
r
ap
hwi
t
ht
he"
he
ar
t
heq
i気 `
br
e
at
h;l
i
f
e
f
o
r
c
e'pho
ne
t
i
c
;a
ndquo
t
e
st
he
r
adi
c
al
"心 andt
moa
ni
ng,Ia
wakeands
i
h.
g
' Dua
nno
t
e
ss
ome
Shl
'
j
'
i
n
g(
1
5
3
.
1
)悔我藩嘆 `
gr
e
ats
i
h
g '(
whi
c
hi
st
he2
A/
2
5
b
Shuo
u
)
e
nj
i
e
z
ie
di
t
i
o
nsmi
s
c
o
py 大息 `
s
i
h'
g
)
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ndq
uot
e
st
he(
p.
1
0
2
)Li
j
i`
h e
W
n[
o
ne
]go
e
so
ut
de
f
i
ni
t
i
o
no
f嘆 `
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hedoo
randl
i
s
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e
ns
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mo
t
i
onal
l
y[
o
ne
]mus
the
ars
o
undso
ft
he
i
rs
i
ghi
ng
goi
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ns
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e
a
do
f出 `
goo
ut
't
hedoor
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.
br
e
at
h'(
mi
s
wr
i
t
i
ng入 `
I
ti
sf
a
s
c
nat
i
i
ngt
oco
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i
de
rwhyc
e
nt
ur
i
e
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f
or
et
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ius
e
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appar
e
nt
;i
ndi
s
t
i
nc
t
'a
ndk
a
iJ
k'
e
mo
t
i
o
nal
;
e
xas
pe
r
a
t
e
d,
'
t
heShi
j
i
n
g(
2
5
7
,
108
人 文
研
究 第
9
1輯
1
5
3
)us
e
ddi優 `
pant
;s
t
i
f
l
e
d'andx
i悔 `
s
i
h ;g
g
r
oa
n,
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o
t
ho
fwhi
c
hs
har
e
ac
o
mmo
n`
e
xhal
e
'me
ani
ng. Si
nc
es
hal
l
o
wbr
e
a
t
hi
ngt
ypi
f
i
e
svi
s
i
ona
r
y
}
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ivoc
a
bul
ar
yhi
nt
sa
t
e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
s(
Goodma
n1
9
8
6
:2
8
2
)
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hi
sunus
ualLl
a
nc
i
e
ntyo
gl
CO
r
i
gi
nsf
orr
i
t
ualf
as
t
i
ngvi
s
i
ons
.
TheJi
a
oTe
s
he
n
gde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n,Jo
hns
t
on'
so
t
he
rquo
t
ef
r
o
m Le
gge
,
l
i
nkst
woChi
ne
s
ec
us
t
omsa
bo
utz
h
ai5 '
f
a
s
t
i
ng;pur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n'wi
t
ht
he
c
o
n
j
unc
t
i
o
ngu故 `
t
hus
,he
nc
e
;t
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,c
o
ns
e
que
nt
l
y.
'
膏之玄也以陰幽思也 故君子三 日膏必見其所為祭者 (
2
6
/
2
4
a)
Fa
s
t
i
ng[
c
l
o
t
hi
ng]i
sda
r
kbe
c
a
us
eo
f[
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
r
s
'
]dar
ka
ndgho
s
t
l
y
t
ho
ught
s
. Thus
,Supe
r
i
o
rPe
opl
e[
unde
r
go]t
hr
e
edaysf
as
t
i
nga
nd
mus
ts
e
et
hos
ef
o
rwho
mt
he
ys
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
d.(
t
r
.a
ut
h.
)
Thi
s必見其所為祭者 `
mus
ts
e
et
ho
s
ef
o
rwho
mt
he
ys
ac
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i
f
i
c
e
d'c
l
os
e
l
y
r
e
s
e
mbl
e
st
heJ
砂i
'
S(
p.
1
0
4
)必有見 `
mus
tha
ves
i
h to
g
f
;
mus
ts
e
e
'a
nd乃見
其所為膏者 `
t
he
ns
e
et
hos
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o
rwho
m[
o
ne
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as
t
e
d,
't
owhi
c
ht
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o
mme
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r
. Zhe
nge
xpl
a
i
ns三 日賛 `
t
hr
e
eda
ysf
as
t
[
i
ng]
'
byquo
t
i
ngt
he
t
a
t
or
sr
e
f
e
.
砂i
'
S替三 日 `
f
a
s
tt
hr
e
edays
'a
ndme
di
t
a
t
i
o
nde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
ons思其居虞 .
"
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t
hi
nka
bout[
t
he
i
r
]l
i
f
e
s
t
yl
e…,
'
a
ndr
e
s
ol
ve
s`
t
hus…mus
ts
e
et
hos
e
'
as則
見之 `
t
he
ns
e
et
he
m'w
it
hane
a
r
s
yno
nym oft
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on
j
unc
t
i
ongu:z
e則
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t
he
n,t
hus
;onl
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ngde
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i
ne
sz
h
ai斉 `
f
a
s
t
i
ng'a
st
hez
hi
j
i至祭 `
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mo
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t
s
ac
r
i
f
i
ce
,
'd
i
s
c
us
s
e
ss
e
ma
nt
i
c`
da
r
k'
/
`
ho
g
s
t
'c
onne
c
t
i
o
nsbe
t
we
e
nyi
n陰
`
dar
k,s
hade
,c
l
oudy;q
ui
e
s
c
e
nt
'andyou 幽 `
da
r
k,di
m;s
ol
i
t
a
r
y;hi
dde
n;
c
f
.En
l
gi
s
hs
h
ade`
h os
g
t
'
)
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ol
o
rhes
a
ysi
sc
e
r
e
moni
al
l
yr
es
e
r
e
ne
'(
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
dbyxuan玄 `
da
r
k,
bl
a
c
k;
mys
t
e
r
i
o
us
'
f
as
t
i
nggar
me
nt
s(
e.
g.
,
Li
j
i
2
9
/1
7
a玄冠 `
da
r
kc
a
p'
)
. Ko
ngi
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
s`
t
hr
e
edays
't
omea
nt
heJl
'
yi
pe
r
i
o
dofz
hi
z
h
ai致膏,
gl
o
s
s
e
s`
t
ho
s
ef
o
rwhomt
he
ys
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
d'
asone'
S親
`
par
e
nts
,
'a
ndde
s
c
r
i
be
s如見 `
a
si
fs
e
e
i
ng't
he
m.
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
itVi
r
s
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o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
10
9
I
I
I
.
St
e
pt
hr
e
ei
st
oc
r
os
s
l
i
ng
ui
s
t
i
c
al
l
ypa
r
al
l
e
lLe
gge'
sJi
yit
r
a
ns
l
at
i
o
nsf
o
rt
hevi
s
ual(
1
)
,(
2
)a
nda
udi
t
o
r
y(
3
)
,(
4
)s
pi
r
i
tma
ni
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
ns
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n
wha
tf
ol
l
ows
,
t
heke
ypo
r
t
i
onso
fhi
s(
1
8
8
5I
I
:21
0
211
)En
gl
i
s
hLl
'
j
'
iwi
l
lbe
c
o
nt
r
as
t
e
dwi
t
ht
heFr
e
nc
h,Ge
r
ma
n,a
ndJ
a
pa
ne
s
eve
r
s
i
ons(
t
r
a
ns
l
at
e
d
wi
t
hi
nbr
ac
ke
t
s)byCo
uvr
e
ur(
1
91
3Ⅰ
Ⅰ
:2
7
34
)
,Wi
l
he
l
m(
1
9
3
0:2
6
4
)
,a
nd
1
9
7
9:7
01
)
. Thi
spol
ygl
o
to
ve
r
vi
e
wde
mons
t
r
a
t
e
st
hes
c
opeo
f
Take
uc
hi(
appr
a
i
s
al
s
. Fori
ns
t
a
nc
e
,t
heambi
guo
usChi
ne
s
ene
i内 `
i
ns
i
de
'a
ndwa
f
外`
out
s
i
de'(
Le
gge'
S"
i
nwa
y
dl
y…e
xt
e
r
nal
l
y"
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a
nbei
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
e
dl
i
t
e
r
al
l
y
asr
oo
ms(
Co
uvr
e
ur
'
S "l
'
i
nt
e
'
n'
ur des
e
sa
s
par
t
e
me
nt
s .
.
.ho
r
s des
e
s
i
ns
i
de … o
ut
s
i
deofhi
sa
pa
r
t
me
nt
s
/
r
oo
ms)
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l
he
l
m'
S
a
f
Par
t
e
me
nts" (
ut
e
r
"i
nne
r
eAb
t
e
i
l
ung de
sHa
u
s
e
s… d
l
u
Be
7
1
e
n Ab
t
e
i
l
un
g"〈
i
nne
r… O
r
ooms
/
s
e
c
t
i
o
nso
ft
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us
e
s)
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rf
i
gur
at
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ve
l
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hef
a
s
t
e
r
'
sme
nt
al
s
t
a
t
e
s(
Take
uc
hi
'
S"
k
o
k
wonouc
hi心の内 .
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i
b
ut
s
unit
ai
s
ur
u外物 に対
す る"〈
i
ns
i
det
hehe
a
r
t
/
mi
nd.
.
.a
so
ppo
s
e
dt
oe
xt
e
r
nal
/
ma
t
e
r
i
alt
hi
ngs)
)
.
Co
mpa
r
e
d wi
t
ht
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
ng Chi
ne
s
ei
nt
o We
s
t
e
r
nl
ang
ua
ge
s
,
J
a
pane
s
eha
st
hel
e
xi
c
aladva
nt
a
geo
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noJa
pane
s
el
oa
nwo
r
ds
. Fo
rt
he
pi
vo
t
alChi
ne
s
et
e
r
mss
a
nz
h
ai散膏/Z
hi
z
h
ai致替 `
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
d/
de
vot
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng,
'Take
uc
hius
e
st
hec
o
mmo
nJ
a
pa
ne
s
ewo
r
d"
s
a
i
k
a
i斎戒"(
pur
i
f
i
c
at
i
on,a
bl
ut
i
o
n;(
r
i
t
ua
l)f
a
s
t
ng)andt
i
her
ar
el
i
t
e
r
ar
yt
e
r
m"
s
ans
a
i##"
(
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
as
t
i
ng)- bo
r
r
o
we
df
r
om Chi
ne
s
ez
h
aZ
j
i
e(
p.
1
2
2
)a
nd
7 Th
eEur
o
pe
anl
angua
get
r
a
ns
l
at
i
onsa
r
e:Ht
hes
e
v
e
y
l
e
S
tV
i
gi
l
s
a
nz
h
ai
.
o
o
s
e
rm'
gi
l
"(
Le
gge
)
,"
s
epunfi
a
i
tn'
go
ur
e
u
s
e
me
nt…
andpunf
i
c
at
i
o
n…al
7
.Chi
ne
s
e
J
a
pa
n
e
s
ed
i
c
t
i
o
na
r
i
e
sd
e
f
i
n
ez
h
i
z
h
a
i致斎 a
nds
a
nz
h
a
i散斎 (
p
r
o
n
o
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n
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e
dc
h
i
t
a
ia
n
ds
a
ns
a
ii
nJ
a
pa
n
e
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e
)a
sma
i
mi鼻忌み a
n
dwa
i
mi荒忌 み
- ki
n
d
so
fi
mf'
a
bs
t
i
n
e
n
c
e
,t
a
s
t
i
n
g;mo
u
r
n
i
n
g;d
e
a
t
ha
n
ni
ve
r
s
a
r
y't
ha
ta
r
e
ma
-'
g
e
n
u
i
n
e
,t
r
u
e
,c
o
mpl
e
t
e
,f
u
l
l
;s
i
n
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e
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e
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e
r
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s
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ndwa
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c
o
a
r
s
e
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n
r
e
s
t
r
a
i
ne
d
;r
o
u
g
h,c
r
u
d
e
.
'
110
人 文 研 究 第
91 輯
S'
e
^
t
r
epunj
i
e
'd'
unema
ni
e
t
r
emo
i
nsr
i
go
uy
l
e
u
S
e
"(
r
i
go
r
ous
l
y/
s
t
r
i
c
t
l
ypur
i
f
y
i
f
i
e
d/
c
l
e
a
ns
e
dl
e
s
sr
i
go
r
o
us
l
y/
s
t
r
i
c
t
l
y)(
Couvr
e
ur
)
,a
nd
one
s
e
l
f…bepur
"
Zum s
t
y
l
e
nge
nFa
s
t
e
n.
.
.g
um v
o
r
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t
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t
e
n"
〈
s
e
ve
r
e
/
s
t
r
i
nge
nt.
.
.
pr
e
pa
r
at
o
r
y/
pr
e
l
i
mi
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as
t
i
ng/
a
bs
t
e
nt
i
o
n〉(
Wi
l
he
l
m)
.
Thef
o
r
me
rvi
s
ualde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n(
1
)t
hataf
t
e
rf
a
s
t
i
ngt
hr
e
edays
,乃見
其所為膏者 `
t
he
n[
o
ne
]s
e
e
st
hos
e[
s
pi
r
i
t
s
]f
o
rwho
m[
o
ne
]f
a
s
t
e
d'
t
r
a
ns
･
l
a
t
e
s
:
hewi
l
ls
e
et
hos
ef
o
rwho
mi
ti
se
mpl
oye
d[
Le
gge
]
8
(
s
one
s
pr
i
t
.
e
t
a
i
tt
e
l
l
e
me
nta
bs
o
r
bさpa
rc
e
spe
ns
e
e
squ'
i
lc
r
oyai
t
)Voi
r
c
e
uxpo
url
e
s
q
ue
l
si
ls
epur
i
f
i
ai
t[
Co
uvr
e
ur
]〈
(
hi
smi
ndwi
l
lbes
o
a
bs
o
r
be
dbyt
he
s
et
ho
ught
st
ha
thewi
l
l
be
l
i
e
vet
hat
)
hes
e
e
st
hos
e
f
o
rwhom hef
a
s
t
e
d)
s
oe
r
bl
i
c
kt
ee
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e
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urdi
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rf
a
s
t
e
t
e[
Wi
l
he
l
m](
s
ohes
a
wt
ho
s
ef
o
r
whom hewasf
a
s
t
i
ng)
ついに故人 のお もかげが絶 えず 目先 に浮 かんでい るようにな る[
Take
-
uc
hi
](
f
i
nal
l
yt
hef
a
c
e
/
S
hado
woft
hede
c
e
as
e
dwi
l
lal
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o
me
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l
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ngbe
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o
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ne
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se
ye
s)
Se
ma
nt
i
c
so
ft
hi
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a
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s
ewo
r
do
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k
a
ge面影 (
l
i
t
."
f
ac
es
ha
dow"
)r
a
nge
ac
r
o
s
s`
f
ac
e
,vi
s
a
ge
;s
ha
do
w;t
r
ac
e
,Ve
s
t
i
ge
;me
mor
y.
'
Thet
r
ans
l
a
t
o
r
sgi
vedi
ve
r
s
er
e
a
di
ngsf
o
rt
hevi
s
ualde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n(
2
)
,優然必有見乎其位
t
ha
to
nt
hes
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
eda
y,af
t
e
re
nt
e
r
i
n
gt
het
e
mpl
e
`
appa
r
e
nt
l
y[
o
ne
]mus
ts
e
et
he
ma
tt
hes
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
s
'
:
)
'
ipa
r
a
p
h
r
a
s
ei
n hi
sS
h
i
j
i
n
g(
1
8
7
1
:6
3
1
)
8
.Le
g
g
en
o
t
e
samo
r
ef
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
veLl
t
r
a
n
s
l
a
t
i
o
n:"
h
ewo
ul
dha
veac
o
mpl
e
t
ei
ma
geo
fhi
m[
hi
sa
n
c
e
s
t
o
r
]i
nhi
s
mi
nd
'
se
y
e
.
"
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLZ
j
i
l
il
hewi
l
ls
e
e
mt
os
e
e(
t
hede
c
e
a
s
e
d)i
nt
hepl
ac
e(
whe
r
ehi
ss
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
i
s
)[
Le
gge
]
i
lavai
tl
'
ai
rdevoi
rl
ede
f
untえs
apl
ac
e(
えl
apl
a
c
eoもe
t
ai
ts
at
a
bl
e
t
t
e
)
[
Co
uvr
e
ur
]て
i
twi
l
ls
e
e
m asi
fhes
e
e
st
hede
c
e
a
s
e
di
nhi
spl
ac
e
(
whe
r
ehi
st
a
bl
e
ti
s
)
)
wa
re
rge
s
pa
nntdar
auf
,
daBe
rs
i
es
i
c
he
ra
ni
hr
e
mAhne
ns
i
t
ze
r
bl
i
c
ke
nwe
r
de[
Wi
l
he
l
m](
hewasc
ur
i
o
us
,whe
t
he
rhec
e
r
t
ai
nl
ys
aw
t
he
m ont
he
i
ra
nc
e
s
t
r
als
e
a
t
/
pl
a
c
e)
必ず､さなが ら故人の霊がその位置に着いているように感ぜ られるので
あり [
Take
uc
hi
](
Wi
t
ho
utf
ai
l
,
Onewi
l
lf
e
e
la
si
ft
hegho
s
to
ft
he
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c
e
a
s
e
dha
unt
shi
spl
ac
e〉
wi
t
ht
hee
xc
e
pt
i
o
nofCouvr
e
ur
'
spa
r
e
nt
he
t
i
c
al"
q
u'
i
lc
y
1
0
y
a
i
t
"(
hewi
l
l
i乃 `
t
he
n'mo
r
e
be
l
i
e
ve)
,t
het
r
ans
l
a
t
o
r
sal
lt
r
e
atvi
s
i
o
n(
1
)wi
t
h na
f
a
c
t
ual
l
yt
ha
n(
2
)w
it
ha
i
r
a
n優然 `
a
ppa
r
e
nt
l
y.
I
Thef
o
r
me
ra
udi
t
o
r
yde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n(
3
)t
ha
ta
f
t
e
rr
e
t
ur
ni
ngt
ogoba
c
k
o
utt
hedoo
r
,粛然必有聞乎其容聾 `
s
ol
e
mnl
y[
one
]mus
the
a
rs
ound
so
f
t
he
i
ra
ppe
a
r
anc
e
't
r
a
ns
l
a
t
e
s
:
hewi
l
ls
e
e
mt
obea
r
r
e
s
t
e
dbyhe
ar
i
n
gt
hes
o
undso
fhi
smo
ve
me
nt
s
[
Le
gge
]
i
le
pr
ouvai
tuns
e
nt
i
me
ntdec
r
ai
nt
er
e
s
pe
c
t
ue
us
e
,c
ommes
'
i
la
vai
t
e
nt
e
ndul
ede
unts
f
emo
uvoi
r[
Co
uvr
e
ur
](
hewi
l
le
xpe
r
i
e
nc
ea
f
e
e
l
i
ngo
fawe
,asi
fhehe
a
r
dt
hede
c
e
as
e
dmo
vi
ng〉
al
swe
r
dee
rs
i
c
he
rhO
r
e
n,
wi
es
i
es
i
°
hbe
we
ge
node
rr
e
de
n[
Wi
l
he
l
m]
〈
a
shec
e
r
t
a
i
nl
ywo
ul
dhe
a
r
,ho
wt
he
ys
t
i
r
r
e
do
rt
al
ke
d)
必 ず､厳 かな気分 に打 たれて故人 の声音 を聞 く心地 がす るので あ り
[
Take
uc
hi
]〈
wi
t
ho
utf
ai
l
,whi
l
ebe
i
ng mo
ve
dby f
e
e
l
i
ngso
f
di
gni
t
y,O
newi
l
lha
vet
hei
mpr
e
s
s
i
o
no
fhe
a
r
i
ngt
hevoi
c
eo
ft
he
112
人 文 研 究 第 91 輯
de
c
e
as
e
d)
Co
nt
r
as
tt
hea
udi
t
o
r
yde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n(
4
)t
ha
taf
t
e
rgoi
ngoutt
hedoo
r
e
mo
t
i
o
nal
l
y[
o
ne
] mus
the
a
r
a
nd l
i
s
t
e
ni
ng,悔然必有聞乎其嘆息之馨 `
s
o
undso
ft
he
i
rs
i
ghi
ngbr
e
a
t
h'
:
Wi
l
ls
i
ghashes
e
e
mst
ohe
a
rt
hes
o
undo
fhi
ss
i
ghi
ng [
Le
gge
]
i
le
c
out
ai
t
,e
ts
e
mbl
ai
ts
o
upi
r
e
r
,c
o
mmes
'
i
la
vai
te
nt
e
ndul
e
ss
oupi
r
s
dudさ
f
unt[
Co
uvr
e
ur
]〈
hel
i
s
t
e
ns
,
ands
e
e
mst
os
i
h,
g
asi
fhehe
a
r
d
t
hes
i
ghsoft
hede
c
e
a
s
e
d)
l
a
us
c
ht
ee
rmi
tve
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hal
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ne
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e
m,al
sh6r
t
ee
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uf
z
e
n[
Wi
l
he
l
m]
〈
hel
i
s
t
e
nswi
t
hbr
e
a
t
hhe
l
d,ashewo
ul
dhe
a
rt
he
i
r
/
t
he
ms
i
ghi
ng〉
必ず､室の奥か らはっき りと故人 の嘆息が聞 こえて来 るのである[
Ta-
ke
uc
hi
]〈
wi
t
ho
utf
ai
l
,f
r
om t
hede
pt
hso
ft
her
oo
mi
twi
l
lbeas
i
ft
hes
i
ghso
ft
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c
e
a
s
e
dar
ehe
a
r
dc
l
e
a
r
l
y/
di
s
t
i
nc
t
l
y〉
The
s
et
r
a
ns
l
at
i
o
nsc
r
uc
i
al
l
ydi
f
f
e
ro
ve
rt
hea
mbi
gui
t
i
e
so
fb
l
j
J
o
u必
有 `
mus
tbe
/
ha
ve
;s
ur
et
obe
,i
ne
vi
t
a
bl
ydo(
s
o
me
t
hi
ng)
;ne
c
e
s
s
ar
i
l
y/
c
e
r
2)
,(
3
)
,(
4
)
. Twot
r
a
ns
l
a
t
or
sa
r
ec
o
ns
o
nantwi
t
ht
heor
i
gi
nal
t
ai
nl
yha
ve
'(
ss
i
c
ke
r(
c
e
r
t
ai
nl
y;
s
e
c
ur
e
l
y;
s
ur
e
l
y,
de
f
i
ni
t
e
l
y,
po
s
i
t
i
ve
l
y)(
2
)
,
- Wi
l
he
l
m'
(
3
)
;a
nd Take
uc
hi
'
sk
a
nar
a
z
u 必ず (
it
w
ho
utf
ai
l
;c
e
r
t
ai
nl
y,de
f
i
ni
t
e
l
y,
s
ur
e
l
y;al
wa
ys
,i
nva
r
i
a
bl
y)(
2)
,(
3)
,(
4)
;cf
.Ka
r
l
gr
e
n'
sc
e
r
t
ai
nl
yf
o
r(
2)a
nd
(
3)
. Th
eo
t
he
rt
woi
gno
r
ei
t
,
a
nde
xt
e
ndr
e
adi
ngso
fa
i
y
m 優然 `
a
ppa
r
e
nt
-
2)- Le
gge
'
shewi
l
ls
e
e
m t
o(
2)
,(
3)a
nda
shes
e
e
mst
o(
4
)
;a
nd
1
y'(
lav
ai
ll
'
ai
rde(
i
twi
l
ls
e
e
m asi
fhe)(
2
)a
ndc
o
mmes'
i
lav
ai
l
Co
uvr
e
ur
'
si
(
a
si
f申e)(
3
)
,(
4
)
･
Onewayofi
l
l
umi
na
t
ngb
i
t
yo
u'
sme
ani
ngi
st
hr
ou
h anal
g
o
gywi
t
h
Ri
t
u
lFa
a
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
113
Ot
he
rt
e
xt
s
. Pr
o
ba
bl
yt
hebe
s
tc
l
as
s
i
c
alpr
e
c
e
de
nti
st
heLunyu(
1
0.
7
)
s
i
mi
l
a
r
l
yus
i
ngb
i
yo
u'
mus
tha
ve
'andb
i'
mus
t
'i
ndi
s
c
us
s
i
ngc
e
r
e
mom
ial
z
h
aif
a
s
t
s
:膏必有明衣布密必撃食居必遷坐 `
h e
W
nf
as
t
i
ng,[
one
]mus
tha
ve
,
[
o
ne
]mus
tal
t
e
r[
o
ne
'
S
]
t
hebr
i
ght
/
s
pi
r
i
tr
o
beo
fl
i
ne
n. Whe
nf
as
t
i
ng.
di
e
t
,a
ndmus
tc
ha
nget
hepl
ac
ewhe
r
e[
o
ne
]us
ual
l
ys
i
t
s
.
' Ano
t
he
rki
nd
ofs
e
mant
i
ci
l
l
umi
nat
i
onc
o
me
sf
r
o
mi
nt
r
a
t
e
xt
ualc
o
nt
r
as
t
. TheLZ
j
i
'
s
nume
r
ousb
t
'
yo
u必有 u
s
a
ge
sc
anbedi
vi
de
di
nt
ot
hr
e
es
e
ma
nt
i
cc
a
t
e
gor
i
e
s
:
hadt
oha
ver
i
t
uali
nor
de
rt
o
ne
c
e
s
s
i
t
y(
e
.
g.
,a
nc
i
e
ntki
n
gs必有産以哀之 `
e
xpr
e
s
ss
o
r
r
ow'
…必有産以楽之 `
ha
dt
oha
ver
i
t
uali
no
r
de
rt
oe
xpr
e
s
sj
o
y'
3
8
/
4
a
)
,
pr
e
di
c
t
i
o
n(
e
.
g.
,
s
pr
i
ngt
hunde
rwar
nst
ha
t必有凶災 `
t
he
r
ea
r
es
ur
e
c
f
.Le
ggeI
I
:1
0
7
,Ⅰ
Ⅰ
:2
3
4
,Ⅰ
:2
6
0
]
,a
nd
t
obee
vi
l
sa
nddi
s
as
t
e
r
s
'1
5
/
5
a)[
r
e
c
o
mme
nda
t
i
o
n(
e
.
gリaf
i
l
i
als
o
npr
e
pa
r
i
ngf
o
rs
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e必有膏荘之心
`
mus
tha
vea[
qi賛!
]we
l
l
ad
j
us
t
e
da
nds
o
mbe
rhe
ar
t
/
mi
nd'4
8
/
1
5
b)
.
j
ibal
a
nc
e
Thi
sl
a
s
tpa
s
s
a
ge(
4
8
/
1
5
b)pr
o
ide
v
samo
r
e=
r
a
t
i
o
nal
"LZ
yi
'
shi
hl
g
ys
pe
c
i
f
i
cl
a
ngua
ge(
2
)
,(
3
)
,(
4
)t
ha
to
neb
Z
yo
u必有 `
mus
t
f
o
rt
heJi
ha
ve'Vi
s
uala
nda
ur
als
pi
r
i
tma
ni
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
ns
.I
tus
e
sb
i
yo
ua
nd b
i必
`
mus
t
'
al
o
ngwi
t
hni如 `
asi
f
/
t
ho
ug
h;
l
i
ke
,
as
'
(
s
yno
ny
m ouswi
t
hnL
O若 `
a
s
,
'c
f
.pp.
1
0
3a
nd1
0
5
)
:
i
f
/
t
hough;s
i
mi
l
art
o,l
i
ke
,[
必有]t
her
ul
ewa
st
hathe
Whe
naf
i
l
i
als
onwasa
bo
utt
os
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
s
ho
ul
dha
vehi
smi
ndwe
l
ladj
us
t
e
da
ndgr
a
ve
,
t
of
i
thi
mf
o
rgi
vi
ngt
o
al
lma
t
t
e
r
st
he
i
rf
ul
lc
o
ns
i
de
r
a
t
i
o
n,
f
o
rpr
o
vi
di
ngt
her
o
be
sandot
he
r
t
hi
ngs
,f
o
rr
e
pai
r
i
ngt
het
e
mpl
eandi
t
sf
a
ne
s
,a
ndf
o
rr
e
g
ul
at
i
ng
e
ve
r
yt
hi
ng. Whe
nt
heda
yo
fs
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
ea
r
r
i
ve
d,[
必]t
her
ul
ewast
ha
t
必]hi
smo
ve
me
nt
ss
ho
wa
n
hi
sc
o
unt
e
na
nc
es
houl
dbemi
l
d,a
nd [
. Whe
nhe
anxi
ousdr
e
ad,asi
fhef
e
a
r
e
dhi
sl
o
vewe
r
eno
ts
uf
f
i
c
i
e
nt
,[
必] i
twa
sr
e
qui
r
e
dt
ha
thi
sde
me
a
no
ur
putdo
wnhi
so
f
f
e
r
i
ngs
s
ho
ul
dbemi
l
d,a
nd[
必]hi
sbo
dybe
nt
,[
如]a
si
f(
hi
spa
r
e
nt
s
)wo
ul
d
114
人 文 研
究 第
9
1輯
s
pe
ak'
(
t
ohi
m)a
ndhadno
tye
tdo
nes
o;whe
nt
heo
f
f
i
c
e
r
sa
s
s
i
s
t
i
ng
i
l
l
,
t
ho
ughc
or
r
e
c
ta
nds
t
r
ai
ght
,
ha
dal
lgo
neo
ut
,
hes
t
oodl
owl
ya
nds
t
[
如]a
si
fhewe
r
ea
bo
utt
ol
o
s
et
hes
i
ght(
o
fhi
spa
r
e
nt
s
)
. Af
t
e
rt
he
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
,
hel
ooke
dpl
e
as
e
dande
xpe
c
t
ant
,[
如]a
si
ft
he
ywo
ul
de
nt
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t
r
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ggeI
I
:2
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her
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(
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de
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df
a
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ng'
i
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nt
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ms
:
賛不替以致資者也 `
pe
r
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e
c
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us
t
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c
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us
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mi
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,
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c
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r
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a
t
e
sbe
l
o
w"
i
twa
st
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vi
ng
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f
o
r
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sr
e
al
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s
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h e
W
nt
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i
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a
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o
rof
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e
r
i
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if
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i
ce
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s
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ga
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i
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tpur
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i
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funi
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nal
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twast
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nc
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upe
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ra
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t
i
o
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h i
l
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t
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a
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ue
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o
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war
d)t
hi
ngs
,
nordi
dhe
c
e
a
s
ef
r
o
m al
l(
i
nt
e
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nal
)de
s
i
r
e
s
. Butwhe
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t
t
e
mpt
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t
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tal
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lnat
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e
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nds
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e
s
s
e
dal
l
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s
i
r
e
s
. Hi
se
a
r
sdi
dnotl
i
s
t
e
nt
omus
i
c;
- a
si
ti
ss
ai
di
nt
he
Re
c
o
r
d,`
Pe
o
pl
eo
c
c
upi
e
dwi
t
hpur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
nha
venomus
i
c,
'me
a
ni
ng
116
人
文
研
究
第 91 輯
t
hatt
he
ydi
dno
tve
nt
ur
et
oal
l
owi
t
sdi
s
s
i
pat
i
o
no
ft
he
i
rmi
nds
. He
al
l
owe
dnovai
nt
ho
ught
si
nhi
she
ar
t
,butke
ptt
he
mi
nas
t
r
i
c
t
ad
he
r
e
nc
et
owhatwasr
i
ght
. Heal
l
o
we
dnor
e
c
kl
e
s
smo
ve
me
nto
f
hi
shandso
rf
e
e
t
,
butke
ptt
he
mf
i
r
ml
yi
nt
hewayo
fpr
o
pr
i
e
t
y. Thus
t
hes
upe
r
i
o
rman,
i
nhi
spur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on,
de
vot
e
shi
ms
e
l
ft
oc
ar
r
yi
ngt
oi
t
s
ut
mos
te
xt
e
nthi
sr
e
f
i
ne
da
ndi
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
ntvi
r
t
ue. (
4
9
/
4
b1
5
a,
t
r
.
Le
gge
I
I
:2
3
9
2
4
0
)
Thes
u
bs
e
que
ntpas
s
a
gede
s
c
r
i
be
st
heps
yc
hol
o
ic
g
alpur
pos
eo
fs
anz
h
aias
t
odi
n
g定 `
s
e
t
t
l
e
;
f
i
x,e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
h;de
t
e
r
i ne
m
'andt
ha
to
fz
hi
z
h
aia
st
oq
i膏
`
a
r
r
a
nge;ad
j
us
t
;r
e
gul
a
t
e'(
cf
.p
.
1
1
3
)
:散替七 日以定之 `
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng
S志意 `
wi
l
l
;
mi
nd'
)and致膏
f
o
rs
e
ve
nda
yst
or
e
gul
a
t
ei
t
'(
Zhe
ngs
ayso
ne
'
三 日以賛之 `
de
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ngf
o
rt
hr
e
edayst
oad
j
us
t
/
a
r
r
a
ngei
t
.
' The
de
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
nofar
ul
e
randhi
swi
f
eunde
r
t
aki
ngz
hi
z
h
ai'
de
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng'
i
n
di
f
f
e
r
e
ntr
oomsc
l
a
r
i
f
i
e
st
heJi
yi
'
sambi
guo
uswa
i外 `
o
ut
s
i
de
'andne
i内
`
i
ns
i
de.
I Ko
ngs
aysahus
ba
ndf
a
s
t
si
nt
he路藩 `
o
ut
e
r(
me
n'
S
)c
hambe
r
'
(
cf
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l
.
j
'
i
n
g3
0
0
.
9
)andawi
f
ei
nt
he正療 `
i
nne
r(
wo
me
n'
S
)c
ha
mbe
r
.
'
The
r
e
f
o
r
et
he
r
ewa
st
hel
oos
e
ror
de
r
i
ngo
ft
hemi
ndf
o
rs
e
ve
n
da
ys
,t
obr
i
ngi
tt
oas
t
a
t
eoff
i
xe
dde
t
e
r
mi
na
t
i
o
n;andt
hec
o
mpl
e
t
e
or
de
r
i
ngo
fi
tf
ort
hr
e
eda
ys
,t
oe
f
f
e
c
tt
heuni
f
o
r
mi
t
yofal
lt
he
t
hought
s
. Tha
tde
t
e
r
mi
na
t
i
o
ni
swhati
sc
al
l
e
dpur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n;
t
hef
i
nal
a
t
t
ai
nme
nti
swhe
nt
hehi
ghe
s
tde
gr
e
eofr
e
f
i
ne
di
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
ei
s
r
e
ac
he
d. Af
t
e
rt
hi
si
twa
spo
s
s
i
bl
et
oe
nt
e
ri
nt
oc
ommuni
o
nwi
t
ht
he
s
pi
r
i
t
uali
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
s
.
Mor
e
o
ve
r
,o
nt
hee
l
e
ve
nt
hday,be
f
or
et
ha
ta
ppoi
nt
e
df
ort
he
c
e
,t
hego
ve
r
no
ro
ft
hepal
a
c
ega
vewar
ni
ngt
ot
hewi
f
eo
ft
he
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
r
ul
e
r
,a
nds
heal
s
oc
onduc
t
e
dt
ha
tl
oo
s
e
ro
r
de
r
i
ngo
fhe
rt
ho
ught
sf
o
r
s
e
ve
ndays
,a
ndt
ha
tmo
r
ec
o
mpl
e
t
eo
r
de
r
i
ngo
ft
he
mf
o
rt
hr
e
e
. The
r
ul
e
rac
c
o
mpl
i
s
he
dhi
spur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
ni
nt
heout
e
rapa
r
t
me
nt
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ndt
he
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
ndSp
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLz
j
i
1
17
wi
f
ehe
rpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
oni
nt
hei
l
me
r
. Af
t
e
rt
hi
st
he
yme
ti
nt
hegr
and
t
e
mpl
e. (
4
9/
5
a,t
r
. Le
ggeI
I
:2
40
)
S"
gavewar
nl
ngt
O"i
soneofmanys
e
mant
i
cr
ami
f
i
cat
i
onsf
r
om
Le
gge'
r
eadi
ngt
hi
sLi
j
is
u宿 `
S
t
ayove
r
ni
ht
g
,l
odge'as
.
agr
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1
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63
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ors
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ve
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pe
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e戒 `
abs
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ai
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Zhe
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aphi
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at
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if
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i
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B/l
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nt
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o
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s
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dbe
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o
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h
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pe
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a
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a
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al
way
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ua
ll
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ll
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t
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nt
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a
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t
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o
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a
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o
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h
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s
"`
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a
ve
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ur
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nt
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sde
a
t
h.
118
人 文
研
究
第
9
1輯
nume
r
ol
o
gI
C
als
i
gni
f
i
c
anc
eo
ft
hr
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ell:
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al
ls
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pr
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r
at
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rt
hes
e
r
vi
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e
)
.(
2
4
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b,t
r
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ggeI
:
4
0
7
)
Co
nf
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usq
uo
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ai
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r
ea
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et
hes
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ve
ndaysoff
as
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hr
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e
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r
t
e
d)
.
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51
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9
a,t
r
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ggeI
I
:2
9
2
)
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e戒 `
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bs
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df
as
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∫
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a
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The
r
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hr
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as
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fonef
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c
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h a
ta
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1
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whoa
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st
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thewi
l
lha
vet
ou
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e
r
go十日戎
三 日膏 `
t
e
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y
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fa
bs
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i
n
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n
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dt
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a
s
t
i
n
g.
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p
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s
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n
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h
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j
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119
dr
ums
?
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2
5
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9
a,t
r
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ggeI
:4
2
4
)
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c(
c
f
.J
i
t
o
n
g,p.
1
1
5
)wa
sf
o
r
bi
dde
nd
ur
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ngt
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ko
f
Kongno
t
e
smus
s
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ai'
di
s
s
i
pa
t
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dt
as
t
i
ng,
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t
hmi
no
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s
a
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l
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da
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e
st
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r
i
t
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i
gni
f
i
c
anc
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a
s
t
i
ng 内 `
i
ns
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de
'and外 `
o
ut
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de
'one'
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l室
`
r
oom,c
ha
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r
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c
f
.J
l
'
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t
o
n
g,p
p.
1
0
2and1
1
6
)
. Et
i
que
t
t
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ds
z
hi
z
h
aif
a
s
t
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ng'
ands
i
c
kne
s
sa
se
xc
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pt
i
o
nst
or
ul
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s
:
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namans
t
o
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ngt
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yt
i
mei
nh
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si
nne
r(
c
ha
mbe
r
)
,i
ti
s
al
l
owa
bl
et
oc
o
mea
nda
s
ka
bouthi
si
l
l
ne
s
s
. Whe
nhes
t
o
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s
i
de
dur
i
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ght
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ti
sal
l
o
wa
bl
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o
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t
hhi
m.
He
nc
eas
upe
r
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e
xc
e
ptf
o
rs
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megr
e
a
tc
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us
e
,
doe
sno
tpa
s
st
he
ni
ghto
ut
s
i
de(
hi
sc
ha
mbe
r
)
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ndunl
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s
shei
sc
a
r
r
yi
ngoutaf
a
s
to
ri
s
i
l
l
,hedoe
sno
tda
yandni
ghts
t
o
pi
ns
i
de
.(
7
/
9
a,t
r
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ggeI
:1
3
6
)
Zhe
ngs
a
ys大故 `
gr
e
a
tc
a
us
e
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a
nsmo
ur
ni
ng,a
nd内 `
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ns
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de
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be
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wo
me
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S
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nt
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np.
1
1
6
.
t
he正療 `
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e
pf
i
vei
sr
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e
xa
mi
ni
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tki
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fz
h
ai'
r
i
t
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as
t
i
ng't
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Li
j
ir
e
c
o
r
ds
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h a
te
xac
t
l
ywe
r
es
a
nz
h
ai散膏 `
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
as
t
i
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z
hi
z
h
ai致膏 `
de
vot
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df
a
s
t
i
ng'
? Thepr
e
s
e
nta
r
t
i
c
l
ebe
inswi
g
t
haq
uo
t
e
f
r
om Jo
ms
l
t
on,whoa
ls
os
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a
･
,
Oft
hi
spur
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f
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c
a
t
o
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ypr
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e
s
st
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ewe
r
et
wos
t
a
ge
s
. Thel
o
we
rs
t
a
ge
kno
wnas[
s
a
nz
ha
i
]
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l
axpur
i
f
i
c
at
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on,
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as
t
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df
ors
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ve
nda
ys
;t
he
hi
ghe
r
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z
hi
z
hai
]`
s
t
r
i
c
tpur
i
f
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c
a
t
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o
n,
'oc
c
upi
e
dt
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hr
e
e
da
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mme
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l
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f
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r
ma
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a
c
r
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alc
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s
si
nvol
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dba
t
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ng([muyu休浴])
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r
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nt
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e
s
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ne
dgar
me
nt
s
1
20
人 文
研
究
第 91 輯
o
fab一
ac
kc
ol
o
ur
,
be
c
aus
et
he
s
ewe
r
er
e
ga
r
de
da
sc
o
ns
o
nantwi
t
h,o
r
s
ymbol
i
c
alo
f
,t
hes
ol
e
mnnat
ur
eofhi
st
hought
s
,whi
c
hs
ho
ul
dbe
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
e
do
nt
heuns
e
e
nwo
r
l
d.(
1
9
2
7
:4
7
0
)
TheChi
ne
s
ewo
r
dz
h
ai暫 i
sasambi
guousa
sEngl
i
s
hf
a
s
tme
ani
ng`
t
o
,t
o
t
alf
a
s
t
)
,'
t
oa
bs
t
ai
nf
r
om s
ol
i
d
a
bs
t
inf
a
r
o
m al
lf
oodanddr
i
nk'(
C.
g.
l
i
q
ui
df
a
s
t
)
,`
t
oe
ats
pa
r
ngl
i
y'C
f
a
s
to
nb
r
e
a
da
ndwat
e
r)
,`
no
te
ata
t
f
ood'(
c
e
r
t
ai
nt
i
me
s
'(
Ramad
a
nf
a
s
t
)
,o
rE
no
te
a
tc
e
r
t
ai
nf
oo
ds
'(
Le
nt
e
nf
a
s
t
)
.
Ra
t
he
rt
ha
n`
t
ot
alf
as
t
,
'
Lz
j
ir
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
i
n
gge
ne
r
al
l
yme
a
nt`
e
a
ts
par
l
ngl
y,
'
i
npar
t
i
c
ul
a
r
,ame
a
ge
rdi
e
tr
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
dt
owat
e
ra
ndz
ho
u# '
gr
ue
l
;
c
o
nge
e
'
o
rs
hu
s
hi疏食 `
pl
ai
nf
ood;e
s
p.gr
ai
ns
.
'I
nanc
i
e
ntChi
na,gr
ai
nwast
he
l
o
we
s
tdi
e
t
a
r
yl
i
mi
t
;Cha
ng(
1
9
7
7
:4
1
)e
xpl
ai
ns
,"
ami
ni
mum me
alc
ons
i
s
t
e
do
fs
o
megr
ai
n(
us
ual
l
ymi
l
l
e
t
)ands
o
mewa
t
e
r
.
"
j
ir
e
pe
a
t
e
dl
ys
t
r
e
s
s
e
smode
r
a
t
ef
as
t
sa
ndwa
r
nsa
gai
ns
t
TheLZ
t
e
xc
e
s
s
i
veo
ne
s(
e
.
g.
,7
/
8
a,9
/
1
5
b,4
4
/
2
3
b;Le
ggeI
:1
3
5
,Ⅰ
:1
7
0
,Ⅰ
Ⅰ
:1
8
5
)
.Ⅰ
e
s
pe
c
i
al
l
yus
e
s hui穀 `
de
s
t
r
o
y,r
ui
n;da
ma
ge
,i
n
j
ur
e
't
ome
an `
har
m
one
s
e
l
ft
hr
o
ughe
xc
e
s
s
i
vef
a
s
t
i
n
g'whe
nmour
ni
ng. Foure
xa
mpl
e
s
:(
1
0
/
1
6
b,Le
ggeI
:1
9
2
)穀不危身 `
e
mac
i
a
t
i
o
ns
ho
ul
dno
te
ndange
rone'
sl
i
f
e
'
;
(
4
2
/1
5
a,Le
ggeI
I
:1
6
0
)aSupe
r
i
o
rPe
r
s
o
ns
ho
ul
dno
t穀療為病 `
be
c
o
mei
l
l
f
r
o
me
mac
i
a
t
i
o
n'be
c
a
us
et
odi
ef
r
o
mf
as
t
ngwoul
i
dbeunf
i
l
i
al(
i
.
e.
,no
t
e
ma
c
i
a
t
i
o
ns
ho
ul
d
l
e
avi
ngde
s
c
e
nda
nt
s
)
;(
6
3
/1
3
a,Le
ggeI
I
:4
6
6
)穀不滅性 `
notde
s
t
r
o
yt
hel
i
vi
ng'
;
and(
3
/
2
a,
Le
ggeI
:
8
7
)f
a
s
t
i
ngs
ho
ul
dne
i
t
he
rc
aus
e
穀痔 `
be
c
o
mi
ngs
oe
mac
i
a
t
e
dt
ha
tbo
ne
sa
ppe
a
r
'no
ra
f
f
e
c
t視聴 `
s
e
e
i
ng
j
i(
4
2
/
1
4
b,Le
ggeI
I
:
andhe
ar
i
ng.
∫ Thi
sl
a
s
te
xampl
ee
c
ho
e
sano
t
he
rLz
S視不明聴不聴 `
s
i
ght
1
5
9
)pa
s
s
a
gewar
ni
ng a
gai
ns
tf
a
s
t
smaki
ng o
ne
'
.
' The
s
ec
o
nt
e
xt
sr
ul
eoute
xt
r
e
mer
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
s
unc
l
e
a
r[
o
r
]he
a
r
i
ngdul
l
a
same
anso
fi
nduc
i
ngvi
s
ualora
udi
t
o
r
yhal
l
uc
i
na
t
i
o
ns
.
Ri
t
u
lFa
a
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLZ
j
i
1
21
Tode
s
c
r
i
bef
as
t
i
ngmo
r
ee
xt
r
e
met
hanz
h
ai
,
t
heLt
'
}
'
ius
e
sb
u
s
hi`
no
t
hui
j
i
a
n
gb
uniyuk
o
u`
1
i
q
ui
dsdonote
nt
e
rt
hemo
ut
h.
' Bu
s
hi不
e
a
t
'ands
食 `
no
te
a
t
'me
a
ns`
no
te
atr
e
gul
a
rf
oo
ds
'r
at
he
rt
ha
n`
note
ata
nyf
ood.
∫
t
hr
e
e[
t
i
me
swhe
n
Onepas
s
a
ge(
4
4
/
2
3
a,Le
ggeI
I
:1
8
4
)l
i
s
t
st
he三不食 `
mour
ne
r
s
]dono
te
a
t
'
:n
o
te
a
t
i
ngf
r
ui
t
so
rve
ge
t
a
bl
e
swhi
l
ef
as
t
i
ngo
n
gr
a
i
nandwa
t
e
r
,no
t[
pr
i
vat
e
l
y]c
o
ns
umi
ngme
a
to
rwi
neunt
i
lt
hr
e
e
mont
hsa
f
t
e
rt
hebur
i
al
,andno
t[
publ
i
c
l
y]unt
i
laf
t
e
rt
heoneye
a
r
mo
ur
ni
ngpe
r
i
od. Anot
he
r(
4
4
/
2
1
b,Ⅰ
Ⅰ
:
1
8
3
)s
a
ysa
tt
hemo
ur
ni
ngr
i
t
e
sf
o
r
no
te
a
tf
o
r
ar
ul
e
r
,hi
ss
o
nsa
ndhi
gho
f
f
i
c
e
r
sar
es
uppos
e
dt
o三 日不食 `
gr
ue
l
'
t
wi
c
eaday,
t
hr
e
eda
ys
,
'
me
a
ni
n
gadi
e
tr
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
dt
oe
a
t
i
ngr
i
c
e粥 `
pr
e
f
e
r
a
bl
yno
ta
tr
e
gul
arme
al
t
i
me
s
;
a
ndhi
swi
ve
sandl
owe
rof
f
i
c
i
al
sa
r
e
gr
a
i
n and wa
t
e
r
.
' Shul
j
i
a
n
g 水草
s
uppos
e
dt
oc
o
ns
umeonl
y 疏食水 `
`
wa
t
e
ra
ndbr
o
t
h/
s
o
up;
l
i
qui
d
s
'
t
hatb
ur
uyuko
u不入於 口 `
dono
te
nt
e
rt
he
mo
ut
h'de
s
c
r
i
be
st
hemos
te
xt
r
e
mef
a
s
t
i
ng. TheLz
j
is
ayswhe
nZe
ngz
i
mo
ur
ne
df
o
rhi
spa
r
e
nt
s(
7
/
6
ab,Le
ggeI
:1
3
3
4
)
,水菜不入於 口者七 日
`
l
i
qui
d
sdi
dnote
nt
e
rhi
smo
ut
hf
o
rs
e
ve
ndays
'(
whi
c
hc
o
mme
nt
a
t
or
ss
a
y
vi
ol
a
t
e
dr
i
t
ual
)
;
t
huswhe
naSupe
r
i
o
rPe
r
s
onmo
ur
ns
,水菜不入於 口者三 日
杖而后能起 `
l
i
q
ui
dsdonote
nt
e
rt
hemo
ut
hf
o
rt
hr
e
eda
ys
,unt
i
lo
nl
ya
bl
e
t
or
i
s
ewi
t
ht
heai
do
fas
t
a
f
f
.
' Ac
c
or
di
ngt
or
i
t
ual
,f
as
t
i
ngs
ho
ul
dne
ve
r
bee
xt
e
nde
dbe
yo
nd7
2ho
ur
s- a
nde
ve
nt
he
n,r
ul
e
swe
r
ei
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
a
bl
e
wi
t
hva
r
i
o
usl
oophol
e
s
. Al
t
ho
ughmo
ur
ne
r
sa
r
eno
mi
nal
l
ye
xpe
c
t
e
dt
o
(
5
6
/
1
4
a,Le
ggeI
I
:3
7
5
)水費不入口三 日不窄火 `
notputl
i
qui
d
si
nt
ot
he
mout
hf
o
rt
hr
e
edays
,a
ndno
tki
ndl
ea[
c
ooki
ng]f
i
r
e
'
;
t
he
i
rne
i
ghbo
r
sar
e
r
i
c
egr
ue
l
'f
orno
ur
i
s
hme
nt
.
s
uppos
e
dt
opr
o
vi
dehot廉粥 `
VI
_Thef
i
nals
t
e
pi
st
oputChi
ne
s
eLg
j
l
ir
i
t
ualf
as
t
si
nt
ohi
s
t
or
i
c
al
a
ndc
ul
t
ur
alpe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
s
. Fur
t
he
rr
e
s
e
a
r
c
hi
sne
e
de
dt
oc
l
a
r
i
f
yt
hee
a
r
l
y
de
ve
l
opme
nt
sofChi
ne
s
er
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
i
ng,a
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e
,and pur
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n.
1
22
人 文 研 究 第
91 輯
Whi
l
ee
a
r
l
yt
e
xt
s(
e
.
gリShZ
j
'
i
n
g,Yを
l
i
n
g,Lun
yu)us
ez
h
ai膏 `
r
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
ng,
i
'
t
heLZ
j
ii
st
hef
i
r
s
tt
or
e
c
o
r
ds
a
nz
h
ai`
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
d'andz
hi
z
h
ai`
de
vo
t
e
d
f
a
s
t
i
n
g.
' Ho
we
ve
r
,t
hi
st
e
xtc
a
nno
tbeac
c
ur
at
e
l
yda
t
e
d. "
Theda
t
eo
f
e
ac
hs
e
c
t
i
o
na
ndi
t
spr
o
ve
na
nc
ea
r
es
ub
j
e
c
t
sofc
o
ns
i
de
r
a
bl
edi
s
put
e
,
"
wr
i
t
e
sRi
e
ge
l(
1
9
9
3
:2
9
3
)
,"
j
us
ta
st
heda
t
eando
r
i
inoft
g
he[
L紡]asa
whol
eha
vepr
o
ve
dt
obec
ont
r
o
ve
r
s
i
alt
hr
ougho
utChi
ne
s
ei
nt
e
l
l
e
c
t
ual
hi
s
t
or
y.
"
Se
ve
r
alpr
e
Li
j
ic
l
as
s
i
c
sme
nt
i
o
n7
2
ho
urf
a
s
t
s
. Fori
ns
t
anc
e,t
he
phr
a
s
es
anr
ib
whi三 日不食 `
note
atf
ort
hr
e
eda
ys
'oc
c
ur
si
nt
heYt
j
i
ng
(
3
6Mi
ngyi
;q
uo
t
e
di
nZuo
z
hua
nZhao5
)s
a
yi
ngaSupe
r
i
o
rPe
r
s
o
no
na
j
o
ur
ne
ydoe
sno
te
a
tf
o
rt
hr
e
edays
;
andt
heMe
n
gz
i(
3
B.
1
0
)de
s
c
r
i
be
sChe
n
f
l
.4
t
hc
e
nt
.B.
C.
E.
)whof
a
s
t
e
df
o
rt
hr
e
edaysunt
i
lhe
Zho
ngz
i陳仲子 (
c
o
ul
dne
i
t
he
rs
e
eno
rhe
ar
,o
nl
yt
or
e
c
ove
rhi
ss
e
ns
e
si
r
oni
c
al
l
ya
f
t
e
r
e
a
t
i
ngawo
r
mype
a
c
h.
Or
i
inso
g
ft
hewo
r
dz
h
at
'
)
'
i
e膏戒 `
f
as
t
i
nga
nda
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e
'ar
eake
y
h
ai
j
i
ee
t
ymol
o
gyc
o
ul
dbea
ne
ar
l
yChi
ne
s
ei
nt
e
i
s
s
ue. A hypo
t
he
t
i
c
lz
a
gr
a
t
i
o
no
ft
e
ndaysf
r
om di
f
f
e
r
e
nt(
na
t
i
veandf
or
e
i
gn?
,anc
i
e
ntand
mode
r
n?
)t
hr
e
ea
nds
e
ve
nda
yL
a
s
t
i
ngc
us
t
o
mso
fz
h
aiF (
O
rz
hi
z
h
ai
)a
nd
j
i
e戒 (
Ors
anz
h
ai
)
. Thee
ar
l
i
e
s
tr
e
c
o
r
de
dus
a
gei
st
he(
C.3
0
0B.
C.
E.
)
Me
n
gz
i(
4
B.
2
5
)a
r
g
ui
ngt
ha
te
ve
nwi
c
ke
dpe
opl
ec
a
ns
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
et
ogodi
f
f
as
ta
ndbat
he
.
'
t
he
y膏戒沫浴 `
Thec
r
o
s
s
c
ul
t
ur
alpe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
so
fChi
ne
s
er
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
sa
r
eac
o
nc
l
udi
n等 t
O
pi
c
I Fa
s
t
i
ng i
s pr
ac
t
i
c
al
l
y uni
ve
r
s
alamo
ng Eas
t
e
r
na
nd
We
s
t
e
r
nc
ul
t
ur
e
s
,a
ndi
save
ne
r
a
bl
eme
anso
fal
t
e
r
i
ngc
ons
c
i
o
us
ne
s
sf
o
r
s
pi
r
i
t
ualpur
po
s
e
s
. Bo
ur
gui
gno
ne
t
hno
g
r
a
phi
c
al
l
ya
nal
yz
e
d4
8
8c
ul
t
ur
e
s
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
1
23
a
ndc
o
nc
l
ude
d(
1
9
7
4
:2
4
1
)
:H
r
e
l
i
gi
o
usi
ns
t
i
t
ut
i
o
nal
i
z
a
t
i
o
no
fa
l
t
e
r
e
ds
t
a
t
e
s
i
sve
r
ywi
de
s
pr
e
ada
mo
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