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Increase in the number of Endangered Butterfly species in
Japan from 1991 to 2012
NAKAMURA, Hiroshi; KODA, Keiko
信州大学農学部紀要 50（1-2）: 23-29(2014)
2014-03-25
http://hdl.handle.net/10091/17512
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture SHINSHU UNIVERSITY Vol.50 No.1・2 (2014)
23
Increase in the number of Endangered Butterfly species in Japan from
1991 to 2012
Hiroshi NAKAMURA and Keiko KODA
Laboratory of Insect Ecology AFC, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University
Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University
Summary:We surveyed the changes in the numbers of endangered species of Japanese butterflies
from 1991 to 2012 on the basis of the Red Data Book and the Red List published by the M inistry of
Environment. Total 47 butterflies were red listed in 1991, increasing to 91 species (including subspecies)in 2012. The rate of critically endangered (CR)and endangered (EN)species was the highest
for butterflies (from two species in 1991 to 30 in 2012)in other category species.Thirty-seven species
of the Lycaeidae family are currently included in the Red List (40.7%). Thirty species (42.3%)of the
71 butterfly species (not including sub-species)in the Japanese Red List are found in Korea.From all
the Red List butterflies, 50.5% are grassland species.
Key word : endangered butterflies, Red Data Book, Red List, Ministry of Environment,
grassland butterflies
insects . The 2 revision of the Red List species
Introduction
was performed in the year 2000, the 3 revision
was released in 2007 (insects),and the 4 revision
During the United Nations Conference on Envi-
was released in 2012 (insects) .
ronment and Development (UNCED)held in 1992
In this study, we surveyed the changes in the
(Earth Summit), the Convention on Biological
recorded endangered species of Japanese
Diversity (CBD) was signed by 157 nations.CBD
butterflies from 1991 to 2012 on the basis of the
is a global agreement addressing all aspects of
Red Data Book and the Red List published by the
biological diversity: genetic resources, species,
Ministryof Environment.We also discussed about
and ecosystems .
the endangered butterflies distributed both in
The International Union for Conservation of
Japan and Korea.
Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) published
for the first time in 1966 the Red Data Book with
Red List Categories
the two volumes on endangered mammals and
birds. The situation of endangered wildlife at the
The IUCN Red List of Threatened species,
time was summarized into this book for the pres-
published in October 1996, was the first Red List
ervation of biodiversity . The Red Data Book
adopting the revised Red List Categories . The
has no legal implications but serves as the
Red List of insects in Japan was published four
scientific basis for the promotion of endangered
times between 1991 and 2012. In this study, we
wildlife conservation .
usedthe Red List Categories considered as the 4
In Japan,the first Threatened Wildlife of Japan
Red Data, the Threatened Wildlife of Japan-Red
-Red Data Book was published in 1991 by the
Data-Revised Edition published by the M inistry
Ministry of Environment (the Environment
of the Environment in 2012, and outlined as fol-
Agency at that time).This first edition of animals
lows:Extinct (EX), species thought to be extinct
incorporated 697 species, including 209 species of
in Japan ; Extinct in the Wild (EW),species found
Received December 9, 2013.
Accepted February 4, 2014.
only in captivity or cultivation ; Threatened,
species facing a risk of extinction. These are
信州大学農学部紀要
24
Table 1
第50巻第１･２号（2014）
The number of Red List insect species (including subspecies)by Ministry of the Environment of
Japan from 1991 to 2012
Edition
of Red
List
Year
Category
EX
EW
CR＋EN
VU
NT
DD
LP
Total
No. of
target
species
1st
1991
2
0
24
16
166
-
1
209
30000
2nd
3rd
2000
2007
2
3
0
0
63
110
76
129
161
200
87
122
3
2
392
566
30000
30000
4th
2012
4
0
171
187
353
153
2
870
32000
EX :Extinct, EW :Extinct in the Wild,CR :Critically Endangered,EN :Endangered,VU :Vulnerable,
NT :Near Threatened, DD :Data Deficient, LP :Threatened Local Population
CR :65 species, EN :106 species
Table 2
The number of Red List butterfly species (including subspecies)by M inistry of the Environment
of Japan from 1991 to 2012
Edition
of Red
List
Year
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
See Fig. 1;
Category
EX
EW
1991
0
0
2000
2007
2012
0
0
0
0
0
0
CR＋EN
Total
No. of
target
species
VU
NT
DD
LP
2
5
40
-
0
47
250
14
18
30
24
27
16
40
44
44
0
1
1
0
0
0
78
90
91
250
250
250
CR :13 species, EN :17 species
divided into three subcategories:
subspecies and local populations) of Red List
Threatened I (CR＋EN): whenever numerical
insects compiled by the Japanese Ministry of
assessment is possible,species under the category
Environment between 1991 and 2012. The IUCN
of Threatened I will be divided into the two
usually adopts the term taxon as species and
categories:
subspecies are included in the Red List. For
Threatened IA, Critically Endangered
simplification we usedthe term
(CR):facing an extremely high risk of
regard to subspecies and local populations.Total
species
with
extinction in the wild.
209 species of insects were listed in 1991 from
Threatened IB :Endangered (EN):fac-
30,000 target species. The Red List of insects
ing a very high risk of extinction in the
increased to 392 species in 2000 and increased
wild.
again to 870 species in 2012. The number of Red
Threatened II, Vulnerable (VU):species facing a
List insects increased 4.16-fold over a period of 21
high risk of extinction.
years.
Near Threatened (NT): species being close to
Over the same period,the number of VU species
qualifying for or are likely to qualify for a
increased 11.7-fold (from 16 species in 1991 to 187
threatened category in the near future.
in 2012) and CR＋EN species increased 7.1-fold
Data Deficient (DD): inadequate information to
(from 24 species 1991 to 171 in 2012).Although the
make a direct or indirect assessment of its risk of
percentage of Red List insects in relation to the
extinction on the basis of its distribution and/or
total number of species targeted was 0.7% in 1991,
population status.
it increased to 2.7% in 2012.
Locally Threatened Population (LP):species facing a difficulty in maintaining a viable population.
Table 2 shows the number of butterfly species
included in the Red List compiled by the Japanese
Ministry of Environment from 1991 to 2012. A
Changesin the number of insects in the Red List
total of 47 butterflies were red listed in 1991,with
this number increasing to 90 species (1.91-fold
Table 1 shows the number of species (including
increase) in 2007. Only one species, Glaucopsyche
NAKAMURA et al.:Increase in the number of Endangered Butterfly species in Japan from 1991 to 2012
25
Table 3 The number of Red List butterflies in each family by M inistry of the Environment in 2012
Family
Category
Total
Total of
(including family/sum
subspecies) of total (%)
No. of
species
(A)
No.of target
A/B
species
(%)
(B)
CR
EN
VU
NT
DD
Papilionidae
Pieridae
0
0
0
3
1
1
3
4
0
0
4
8
4.4
8.8
3
6
21
23
14.3
26.1
Lycaeidae
Nymphalidae
7
3
8
1
7
3
14
7
1
0
37
14
40.7
15.4
26
13
70
53
37.1
24.5
Satyridae
Hesperiidae
2
1
2
3
1
3
11
5
0
0
16
12
17.6
13.2
13
10
28
36
46.4
27.8
Danaidae
Libytheidae
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0
0
5
1
0.0
0.0
Total
13
17
16
44
1
91
100
71
237
30.0
See Fig. 1
lycormas (Lycaeidae), distributed in Hokkaido
was added to the Red List in 2012 .
The number of species categorized as CR＋EN
category increased 15.0-fold (from two species in
1991 to 30 in 2012), and those categorized as VU
increased 3.1-fold (from five speciesin 1991 to 16
in 2012). The number of NT species barely increased over the same period.From 2007 to 2012,
12 species were added to the CR＋EN category.In
contrast,a decrease by 11 species was observed in
the VU category. This shows that the risk of
extinction for threatened butterflies is evolving
Fig. 1
Coenonympha oedippus annulifer, one
from high in the direction to veryhigh or extreme-
of the Critically Endangered (CE)species
ly high.
of the Satyridae family. (Shiojiri City,
July 17, 2005).
Butterfly speciesin each family in the Red List
butterflies.Three species of the Melitaeini tribe in
Nymphalidae are foundin Japan, Melitaea scotosia
Table 3 shows the number of butterflyspecies in
(CR), M. protomedia (CR), and M. ambigua ni-
each family included in the Red List compiled by
phona (EN), all of which are categorized as
the Japanese Ministry of Environment in 2012.
Threatened I endangered species.We investigated
The Lycaeidae family includes 37 Red List
the annual change in the numbers of adult M.
butterflies (40.7%). Becausethis Red
ambigua niphona at the Mibu Riverin Nagano
List
butterflies included both species and subspecies,
Prefecture,where this species is mainly distribut-
we only considered the number of species and
ed and it is categorized as an endangered species
showed the percentages in relation to the number
(VU) .In 2002,we found a large number of adults
of target species within the family.The Satyridae
and its food plant, Veronicastrum sibiricum as
family had the highest percentage of endangered
shown in Fig. 2. In 2009, neither the butterfly nor
species (46.4%),followed by the Lycaeidae family
the plant was present in the same area,primarily
with 37.1% of endangered species.Fig.1 shows an
because of overexploitation of V. sibiricum bythe
adult specimen of Coenonympha oedippus an-
Sika deer Cervus nippon.Afterwards,M. ambigua
nulifer, a critically endangered (CE)species from
niphona also disappeared at this area, and a
the Satyridae family.
similar case was reported at Nikko in Tochigi
The Nymphalidae family includes 14 red-listed
Prefecture, Japan .
信州大学農学部紀要
26
第50巻第１･２号（2014）
2002 - 2003
Ａ
Ｂ
2009 - 2010
Ｃ
Fig. 2
Ｄ
Extinction of Mellicta ambigua niphona (Nymphalidae)at the M ibu river area of Ina City in
Nagano Prefecture.A :Adult of M. ambigua niphona (July 17,2003).B :Food plant,Veronicastrum sibiricum subsp.japonicum (July 12,2002).C :Sika deer eating grass (September 10,2010).
D :Grassless area injured by Sika deer (September 4, 2009).
Table 4
The number of Japanese Red List butterflies (not
including subspecies)distributed in Korea
Family
No. of Japanese
Red List species
(A)
No. of species
in Korea
(B)
B/A
(%)
Papilionidae
Pieridae
Lycaeidae
3
6
26
1
2
10
33.3
33.3
38.5
Nymphalidae
Satyridae
Hesperiidae
13
13
10
7
4
6
53.8
30.8
60.0
Total
71
30
42.3
Korean butterflies included in the Japanese Red
List
Table 4 shows the number of red-listed
Japanese butterflies, which are also found in
Korea.We compared this list with the relation of
Korean species included in the Korean Butterfly
Atlas (1996-2011) and found that 30 species (42.
NAKAMURA et al.:Increase in the number of Endangered Butterfly species in Japan from 1991 to 2012
Ａ
Fig. 3
27
Ｂ
Luehdorufia puziloi (NT)distributed in Korea and Japan.A :Male adult (M inamiminowa
Village, April 22, 2008). B :Specimen in Laboratory of Insect Ecology AFC possession.
Table 5
The number of Red List butterflies (including subspecies) in each
habitat by M inistry of the Environment in 2012
Category
Habitat
Forest
Grassland
Alpine
Total
Total
CR
EN
VU
NT
DD
No.
(%)
4
30.8
2
11.8
5
31.3
17
38.6
1
100.0
29
31.9
No.
8
15
8
15
0
46
(%)
61.5
88.2
50.0
34.1
0.0
50.5
No.
(%)
1
7.7
0
0.0
3
18.8
12
27.3
0
0.0
16
17.6
No.
(%)
13
100
17
100
16
100
44
100
1
100
91
100
See Fig. 1
3%)of the 71 red-listed Japanese butterflies (not
that grassland environments preferred by
including sub-species) are found in Korea. The
butterflies, such as Shijimiaeoides divinus,
percentage was particularly high for the families
Maculinea teleius, Plebejus subsolanus, Pyrgus
Nymphalidae and Hesperiidae. M ost of the
maculatus, and Hesperia florinda (Appendix), wil-
Threatened I (CR＋EN) species were distributed
ldisappearin Japan.
both in Japan and Korea (Appendix). One example is Luehdorufia puziloi (NT),which is distribut-
References
ed in both Korea and Japan (Fig. 3). In contrast,
Luehdorufia japonica (VU), from the same genus,
is only found in Japan .
1) CBD (2013) Convention on Biological Diversity.
［Cited 30 November 2013］Available from URL :
http://www.cbd.int/.
Crisis on the grassland butterflies
2) Environment Agency (1991) The Threatened
Wildlife of Japan-Red Data Book-Volumes of the
We classified the red-listed butterflies into three
habitat categories: forest, grassland, and alpine
species (Table 5).Grassland species presented the
highest percentage of endangered species (50.5%).
In fact, grassland butterflies accounted for the
Vertebrata/the Invertebrata. Environment
Agency.
3) Hasegawa J (1994)Did Melitaea ambigua niphona
in Nikko disappear by Sika deer? Gekkan Mishi
278:30-32.
4) IUCN Species Survival Commission (2012)IUCN
61.5% of the total number of the CR category
Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1 sec-
species and 88.2% in the EN category.This shows
ond edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.［Cited 30
信州大学農学部紀要
28
第50巻第１･２号（2014）
November 2013］Available from URL : http://jr.
Book.［Cited 30 November 2013］Available from
iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist cats crit en.pdf.
URL :http://www.biodic.go.jp/rdb/rdb f.html.
5) Kim S, Lee C, Kwon TS, Joo H, Sung J (2012)
8) Nagano Prefecture (2004) Red Data Book
Korean Butterfly Atlas (1996-2011). Korea Forest
Nagano edition -Animals. Nagano Prefecture,
Research Institute, Seoul.
Nagano.
6) M inistry of the Environment (2006) The
9) Shirozu T (2006) The standard of butterflies in
Threatened Wildlife of Japan-Red Data BookRevised Edition. Ministry of the Environment,
Japan. Gakken, Tokyo.
10) Vie JC, Hilton-Taylor C, Pollock C, Ragle J,
Japan Wildlife Research Center, Tokyo.
Smart J,Stuart S, Tong R (2008) The IUCN Red
7) Ministry of the Environment (2013) Japan Integrated Biodiversity Information System.Red Data
List : A keyconservation tool.IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
日本における1991年から2012年までの絶滅危惧チョウ類の増加
中村寛志 ・江田慧子
信州大学農学部附属アルプス圏フィールド科学教育研究センター
信州大学山岳科学総合研究所
要 約
1991年から2012年の間に環境省が公表したレッドデータブックとレッドリストを基に，日本の絶滅危惧チ
ョウ類の種数の変化を分析した。1991年にはレッドリストに指定されたチョウ類は47種であったが，2012年
には亜種を含めると91種に増加した。絶滅危惧
類（CR＋EN）の種数は，1991年の２種から2012年の30種
となり，他のカテゴリーランクに比べて最も増加率が高くなった。科別に見ると37種のシジミチョウがレッ
ドリスト種に指定され，全体の40.7％となり最も種数が多かった。亜種を除いた日本のレッドリスト71種の
チョウ類のうち，42.3％にあたる30種が韓国にも生息していた。レッドリスト種の50.5％が草原に生息する
チョウ類であった。
キーワード：絶滅危惧チョウ類，レッドデータブック，レッドリスト，環境省，草原性チョウ類
NAKAMURA et al.:Increase in the number of Endangered Butterfly species in Japan from 1991 to 2012
29
Appendix Chenge of category rank in Red List butterflies in Japan from 1991 to 2012
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Japanese name
ウスイロオナガシジミ九州亜種
オガサワラシジミ
タイワンツバメシジミ南西諸島亜種
キタアカシジミ冠高原亜種
ゴマシジミ本州中部亜種
ゴイシツバメシジミ
オオルリシジミ本州亜種
ウスイロヒョウモンモドキ
ヒョウモンモドキ
オオウラギンヒョウモン
ヒメヒカゲ本州中部亜種
タカネヒカゲ ヶ岳亜種
ヒメチャマダラセセリ
Scientific name
Family
2012
Antigius butleri kurinodakensis
Celastrina ogasawaraensis
Everes lacturnus lacturnus
Japonica onoi mizobei
Maculinea teleius kazamoto
Shijimia moorei moorei
Shijimiaeoides divinus barine
Melitaea protomedia
Melitaea scotosia
Fabriciana nerippe
Coenonympha oedippus annulifer
Oeneis norna sugitanii
Pyrgus malvae malvae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Hesperiidae
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
CR
Leptidea amurensis
Eurema laeta betheseba
Gonepteryx rhamni maxima
Everes lacturnus kawaii
Maculinea teleius daisensis
Niphanda fusca
Plebejus argyrognomon praeterinsularis
Plebejus subsolanus iburiensis
Plebejus subsolanus yaginus
Shijimiaeoides divinus asonis
Zizina emelina
Melitaea ambigua niphona
Coenonympha oedippus arothius
Lethe marginalis
Pyrgus maculatus maculatus
Aeromachus inachus inachus
Hesperia florinda florinda
Pieridae
Pieridae
Pieridae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Nymphalidae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Hesperiidae
Hesperiidae
Hesperiidae
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
ヒメシロチョウ
ツマグロキチョウ
ヤマキチョウ
タイワンツバメシジミ本土亜種
ゴマシジミ中国・九州亜種
クロシジミ
ミヤマシジミ
アサマシジミ北海道亜種
アサマシジミ中部低地帯亜種
オオルリシジミ九州亜種
シルビアシジミ
コヒョウモンモドキ
ヒメヒカゲ本州西部亜種
クロヒカゲモドキ
チャマダラセセリ
ホシチャバネセセリ
アカセセリ
ギフチョウ
ミヤマシロチョウ
チョウセンアカシジミ
キタアカシジミ北日本亜種
ゴマシジミ 方尾根・白山亜種
ルーミスシジミ
ツシマウラボシシジミ
アサマシジミ中部高地帯亜種
ハマヤマトシジミ
ウラギンスジヒョウモン
ヒョウモンチョウ本州中部亜種
オオイチモンジ
ウラナミジャノメ本土亜種
タカネキマダラセセリ南アルプス亜種
アサヒナキマダラセセリ
オガサワラセセリ
Luehdorfia japonica
Aporia hippia japonica
Coreana raphaelis yamamotoi
Japonica onoi onoi
Maculinea teleius hosonoi
Panchala ganesa loomisi
Pithecops fulgens tsushimanus
Plebejus subsolanus yarigadakeanus
Zizeeria karsandra
Argyronome laodice japonica
Brenthis daphne rabdia
Limenitis populi jezoensis
Ypthima multistriata niphonica
Carterocephalus palaemon akaishianus
Ochlodes asahinai
Parnara ogasawarensis
Papilionidae
Pieridae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Satyridae
Hesperiidae
Hesperiidae
Hesperiidae
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
ヒメギフチョウ本州亜種
ヒメギフチョウ北海道亜種
ウスバキチョウ
ミヤマモンキチョウ浅間山系亜種
ミヤマモンキチョウ北アルプス亜種
クモマツマキチョウ ヶ岳・南アルプス亜種
クモマツマキチョウ北アルプス・戸隠亜種
イワカワシジミ
ベニモンカラスシジミ四国亜種
ベニモンカラスシジミ中国亜種
ベニモンカラスシジミ中部亜種
カバイロシジミ
オオゴマシジミ
ゴマシジミ北海道・東北亜種
リュウキュウウラボシシジミ
ヒメシジミ本州・九州亜種
キマダラルリツバメ
クロツバメシジミ九州沿岸・朝鮮半島亜種
クロツバメシジミ東日本亜種
クロツバメシジミ西日本亜種
カラフトルリシジミ
コノハチョウ
ヒョウモンチョウ東北以北亜種
アサヒヒョウモン
カラフトヒョウモン
フタオチョウ
アカボシゴマダラ奄美亜種
オオムラサキ
シロオビヒメヒカゲ札幌周辺亜種
クモマベニヒカゲ北海道亜種
クモマベニヒカゲ本州亜種
ベニヒカゲ本州亜種
キマダラモドキ
シロオビヒカゲ
ダイセツタカネヒカゲ
タカネヒカゲ北アルプス亜種
マサキウラナミジャノメ
リュウキュウウラナミジャノメ
ヤエヤマウラナミジャノメ
タカネキマダラセセリ北アルプス亜種
ギンイチモンジセセリ
ヒメイチモンジセセリ
スジグロチャバネセセリ四国亜種
スジグロチャバネセセリ北海道・本州・九州亜種
Luehdorfia puziloi inexpecta
Luehdorfia puziloi yessoensis
Parnassius eversmanni daisetsuzanus
Colias palaeno aias
Colias palaeno sugitanii
Anthocharis cardamines hayashii
Anthocharis cardamines isshikii
Artipe eryx okinawana
Fixsenia iyonis iyonis
Fixsenia iyonis kibiensis
Fixsenia iyonis surugaensis
Glaucopsyche lycormas
Maculinea arionides takamukui
Maculinea teleius ogumae
Pithecops corvus ryukyuensis
Plebejus argus micrargus
Spindasis takanonis
Tongeia fischeri caudalis
Tongeia fischeri japonica
Tongeia fischeri shojii
Vacciniina optilete daisetsuzana
Kallima inachus eucerca
Brenthis daphne iwatensis
Clossiana freija asahidakeana
Clossiana iphigenia
Polyura eudamippus weismanni
Hestina assimilis shirakii
Sasakia charonda charonda
Coenonympha hero neoperseis
Erebia ligea rishirizana
Erebia ligea takanonis
Erebia neriene niphonica
Kirinia fentoni
Lethe europa pavida
Oeneis melissa daisetsuzana
Oeneis norna asamana
Ypthima masakii
Ypthima riukiuana
Ypthima yayeyamana
Carterocephalus palaemon satakei
Leptalina unicolor
Parnara bada
Thymelicus leoninus hamadakohi
Thymelicus leoninus leoninus
Papilionidae
Papilionidae
Papilionidae
Pieridae
Pieridae
Pieridae
Pieridae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Lycaeidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Nymphalidae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Satyridae
Hesperiidae
Hesperiidae
Hesperiidae
Hesperiidae
Hesperiidae
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Lycaeidae
DD
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
91 ヒメウラボシシジミ
Neopithecops zalmora zalmora
↑ :Category rank up, ↓:Category rank down, ○ :Newly rank in
● :Species distributed in Korea
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
2007
2000
1991
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
VU
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
VU
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
VU
VU
VU
NT
NT
VU
VU
VU
CR＋EN
VU
CR＋EN
VU
VU
VU
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
VU
CR＋EN
VU
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
VU
VU
VU
NT
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
VU
VU
VU
CR＋EN
CR＋EN
VU
VU
VU
CR＋EN
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
NT
VU
VU
NT
NT
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
VU
NT
NT
VU
NT
VU
NT
VU
NT
CR＋EN
NT
VU
CR＋EN
NT
VU
NT
Korea
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
NT
VU
VU
NT
VU
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
VU
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
VU
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
●
NT
●
●
●
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
●
●
○
↓
↓
DD
●
●
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
VU
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
VU
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
●
●
●
●
●
●
NT
●
●
●
●
●
●
Habitat
Forest
Forest
Grassland
Forest
Grassland
Forest
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Alpine
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Forest
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Forest
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Grassland
Grassland
Forest
Alpine
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Alpine
Grassland
Alpine
Grassland
Grassland
Forest
Forest
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Grassland
Forest
Grassland
Forest
Grassland
Forest
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Alpine
Forest
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Forest
Forest
Forest
Grassland
Alpine
Alpine
Alpine
Forest
Grassland
Alpine
Alpine
Forest
Forest
Forest
Alpine
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Grassland
Forest