Australian Securitisation and Covered Bond Seminar Tokyo 1 18 September 2014 Agenda Overview 1. Welcome Leonie Muldoon | Australian Senior Trade Commissioner | Austrade Chris Dalton | Chief Executive Officer | Australian Securitisation Forum 2 2. Outlook for the Australian economy 3. Outlook for Regional Property Markets 4. Overview of Australian Residential Mortgage Market 5. Australian RMBS and Covered Bonds Update 6. Developments and outlook for the ABS market National Australia Bank Australian Economy and Market Outlook Cross-currents Key Forecasts 3 • Economy to grow 3-3½% over next two years. • Resource sector slowing but dwelling construction and exports improving. • House prices higher – not a problem yet. • RBA cash rate to start rising in late 2015. • $A to fall. Peter Jolly. Global Head of Research September 2014 Australia’s Exports: By destination and type 4 Commodity prices still falling. But volumes of exports picking up. 5 Japan to be Australia’s largest trading partner again? - Free trade agreement signed in 2014 and LNG revolution beginning. • Australian gas market facing a transformational period ahead. • LNG gas expansion to begin in 2014/2015 as three large LNG export plants in Queensland come on stream. • A large share of the new offtake going to Japan. Australian Historic & Forecast LNG Production Browse FLNG (??) 90 $50bn 80 $45bn Pluto II (?) $40bn AP LNG (CSG) 70 60 $35bn mtpa $30bn 50 Australian LNG export destinations China 16% Gladstone (CSG) Curtis Is. (CSG) $25bn 40 Ichthys $20bn 30 $15bn Wheatstone 20 $10bn Prelude 10 $5bn Gorgon 0 $0bn Japan 81% South Korea 3% Taiwan 0% Middle East 0% 1999-00 2003-04 2007-08 2011-12 2015-16 2019-20 Source: ABARE, BREE, NAB Credit Research 6 Source: BP Statistical Review, 2014 Where is the economy at now? Forces are mixed and growth near trend. Positives Low interest rates. Strong growth in residential construction underway. Strong population growth Infrastructure expanding quickly. Mining exports increasing. Negatives 7 Mining investment falling. $A too high. Consumer cautious. Fiscal policy tightening. Australia economy has continued to grow. We expect 3-3½% GDP growth ahead. 8 Drivers of GDP growth have changed over past two years Drivers of GDP Growth Private consumption moderate. Government spending lower. % point contribution to annual GDP 2.1 Private Consumption 1.5 Government Consumption -0.3 0.4 2.9 Non Dwelling Investment Exports 9 Jun-14 0.2 Dwelling Investment Imports Jun-12 0.8 Dwelling construction improving as housing market driven by price increases and population growth. -0.6 -1.7 0.2 1.5 1.2 Investment falling as mining investment boom ending. Reduced imports of capital equipment Exports to improve as new resource sector capacity comes on stream Business Conditions have improved. 10 Business Conditions Varied by Industry Business Conditions by Industry Source: National Australia Bank 20 15 10 NAB Survey - 3mth m.a. Jun-14 Jul-14 Aug-14 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 11 Mining Manufa cturing Constr uctioni Retail Whole Transport Services Household Services sale Total Mining investment falling. Starting to see recovery in non-mining. NAB fcst 12 Consumers not as confident as businesses 13 Unemployment higher and weak household income growth. 14 House prices still rising – especially Sydney. Relative to incomes at 10 year average. 15 Australia’s Population has surged in recent years. Will continue to grow. Australia’s population grew 400k or 1.7% in 2013. Population now 24 million and to be 30 million by 2030. 500 450 Australia's Population Growth 000's of people per year 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 16 1951 1957 1963 1969 1975 1981 1987 1993 1999 2005 2011 Population growth has outstripped dwelling construction. Catching up now. 17 Weak wage growth means inflation outlook benign. 18 RBA cash rate on hold. To rise late 2015. RBA Forecast and Pricing % 5.00 Nab Forecast 4.50 Mkt Pricing 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 Jun-09 Source:NAB 19 Jun-10 Jun-11 Jun-12 Jun-13 Jun-14 Jun-15 $A should be falling with commodity prices. 110 80 100 75 AUD TWI (RBA) , RHS 70 90 Forecasts 80 65 Index Terms of Trade SA , LHS 70 60 60 55 50 50 40 45 1988 1990 1992 Source: National Australia Bank, Macrobond 20 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 $A being supported by strong fiscal position and low global bond yields. General Government Net Debt - % of GDP Greece 169 Japan 137 Portugal 120 Italy 112 France 89 United Kingdom 84 United States 82 Spain 66 Israel Iceland Germany 53 Canada1 Korea Switzerland New Zealand Australia 16 Denmark Sweden Norway -200 -100 Source: IMF Fiscal Monitor 21 0 100 200 Key Forecasts Forecasts Economics - yoy% Household Consumption Business Investment Domestic demand 2013 2.0 -3.1 0.9 2014 2.6 -6.8 1.3 2015 2.8 -9.5 1.0 Net Exports (a) Real GDP 1.9 2.4 1.9 3.2 1.9 3.1 CPI Underlying Inflation Wages 2.4 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.9 Terms of Trade Unemployment rate (%) Current Account - % GDP Fiscal Balance* - % GDP -4.0 5.7 -3.2 -1.3 -3.2 6.5 -2.0 -3.2 -1.2 6.2 -0.6 -1.8 Markets /Rates RBA Cash 3 Year Swap 10 Year Swap Now 2.5 3.0 3.9 10 year ACGB Aus-US 10yr bond Fed Funds Rate US 10 Year Bond 3.6 106 0.3 2.5 3.5 95 0.25 2.50 3.6 80 0.25 2.75 3.7 70 0.25 3.00 3.9 60 0.50 3.25 4.3 75 1.00 3.50 4.3 75 1.00 3.50 AUD 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.82 0.82 AUD/NZD AUD/JPY AUD/EUR AUD/CNY 1.11 98 0.71 5.6 1.10 95 0.69 5.6 1.10 95 0.69 5.4 1.10 95 0.68 5.3 1.10 95 0.67 5.2 1.12 96 0.66 5.0 1.12 96 0.66 5.0 Source: Bloomberg; NAB. * June fiscal year a. contribution to annual GDP. Inventories and statistical discrepancy not show n 22 Sep 14 Dec 14 Mar 15 Jun 15 Sep 15 Dec 15 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.7 NAB Important Notice Disclaimer: This document has been prepared by National Australia Bank Limited ABN 12 004 044 937 AFSL 230686 ("NAB"). Any advice contained in this document has been prepared without taking into account your objectives, financial situation or needs. Before acting on any advice in this document, NAB recommends that you consider whether the advice is appropriate for your circumstances. NAB recommends that you obtain and consider the relevant Product Disclosure Statement or other disclosure document, before making any decision about a product including whether to acquire or to continue to hold it. Products are issued by NAB unless otherwise specified. 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Therefore, this document is only for your information purpose and is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of the securities described herein or for any other action. 23 Australian housing market update Prepared and presented by Cameron Kusher, Senior Research Analyst RP Data 18 September 2014 Residential real estate absolutely underpins Australia’s wealth position Residential Real Estate $5.5 Trillion Australian AustralianSuperannuation Superannuation $1.8 $1.5 Trillion Trillion (SMSF $543.4 Billion) Commercial Real Stocks Estate Australian Listed $0.7Trillion Trillion $1.6 Commercial CommercialReal RealEstate Estate $0.7 Trillion $0.7 Trillion As at end of August 2014 2 Source: RP Data, ASX, SPAA, PCA Capital gain: Home values up 10.9% over past year with the rate of growth accelerating once again Rolling annual dwelling values, combined capital cities 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% -10.0% Aug 98 Aug 00 Median Prices $548,000 $467,500 3 Source: RP Data Aug 02 Aug 04 Aug 06 Aug 08 Capital Gain Houses Units Dwellings Past 12 months 11.2% 9.0% 10.9% Annual over five years 4.1% 3.6% 4.1% Annual over ten years 4.8% 4.2% 4.7% Aug 10 Aug 12 Aug 14 … Largely driven by strong conditions in Sydney and Melbourne at the moment Change in home values over time – Sydney vs. Melbourne vs. Brisbane vs. Perth Sydney Brisbane Melbourne Perth 600 500 400 300 200 100 Base 100 @ Jan-90 0 Aug-90 Aug-94 Aug-98 12 mth change in home values to Aug 2014 Australian Capitals 1.4% Hobart 2.8% Brisbane 11.7% Source: RP Data -1.4% 15.0% 9.9% 5.3% Melbourne 16.2% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0% 4 29.0% Brisbane 5.4% Sydney 21.5% Adelaide 5.9% Melbourne 33.9% Perth 3.5% Adelaide Aug-14 Change in home values, Dec 2008 to Aug 2014 Darwin 5.4% Perth Aug-10 Canberra Darwin Hobart Aug-06 Australian capitals 10.9% Canberra Aug-02 47.5% Sydney -10.0% 50.1% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% … also by the strength of the high valued segment of the market Capital growth across different housing market segments 25.0% Bottom 25% 20.0% Middle 50% Top 25% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% -10.0% Aug-02 Aug-04 Aug-06 12 mth change in home values to Aug 2014 Top 25% Middle 50% Bottom 25% Australian capitals Perth Aug-10 Perth Brisbane Brisbane Melbourne Melbourne Sydney Sydney Source: RP Data 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% Aug-14 Top 25% Middle 50% Bottom 25% Australian capitals Adelaide 5.0% Aug-12 Change in home values, Dec 2008 to Aug 2014 Adelaide 0.0% 5 Aug-08 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% Turnover: buyer demand appears to be levelling, but transaction numbers are 9.9% higher than a year ago Monthly house and unit sales, national 45,000 House sales (with 6 month moving avg) 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 Unit sales (with 6 month moving avg) 5,000 Jun 94 Jun 99 Jun 04 Annual Sales Year to June 2014 6 Year to June 2013 % change 20.0% 348,670 315,723 10.4% 10.0% Units 135,330 124,560 8.6% 0.0% Source: RP Data 484,000 Jun 14 YoY % change in sales, states and territories 30.0% Houses Dwellings Jun 09 440,283 9.9% -10.0% 12.9% 14.8% 7.5% 21.3% 9.3% 0.3% -0.2% -1.3% NSW Vic Qld SA WA Tas NT ACT 0.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Aug-09 Weighted average clearance rate and number of auctions, combined capitals 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Feb-10 Aug-10 Feb-11 Aug-11 Feb-12 Aug-13 Feb-14 Avg time on market, combined capitals 60 -4.0% 40 -6.0% Source: RP Data Feb-13 0 Aug-14 80 -2.0% 7 Aug-12 Avg vendor discount, combined capitals -8.0% Jul 06 4,000 Number of auctions Clearance rate Vendor metrics: clearance rates sitting at around 70% while selling time and discounting rates have levelled 20 Jul 08 Jul 10 Jul 12 Jul 14 0 Jul 06 Jul 08 Jul 10 Jul 12 Jul 14 Rental markets are relatively soft while values rise… Annual change in rents vs gross rental yield, combined capital cities 10.0% Gross rental yield Annual change in rents 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Aug-98 Aug-00 Aug-02 Aug-04 Aug-06 Aug-08 Annual change in rental rates 8 Source: RP Data Aug-12 Aug-14 Gross rental yields Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth Hobart Darwin Canberra Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth Hobart Darwin Canberra -6.0% Aug-10 -4.0% Houses -2.0% 0.0% 2.0% Units 4.0% 6.0% 0.0% 2.0% Houses 4.0% 6.0% Units 8.0% Australian interest rates: going nowhere fast…. Official interest rates and mortgage rates over time 14.0% Standard variable mortgage rates 3 yr fixed mortgage rates Cash rate 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Sep-92 Sep-94 Sep-96 Sep-98 Sep-00 Sep-02 Sep-04 Sep-06 Sep-08 Average term deposit rates ($10,000) 6.0% Sep-12 Sep-14 % of mortgages on a fixed rate 30.0% 5.0% 25.0% 4.0% 20.0% 3.0% 15.0% 2.0% 10.0% 1.0% 5.0% 0.0% Aug-02 9 Sep-10 Aug-04 Source: RP Data Aug-06 Aug-08 Aug-10 Aug-12 Aug-14 0.0% Jul-94 Jul-98 Jul-02 Jul-06 Jul-10 Jul-14 Housing demand: population growth starts to ease on lower overseas migration Quarterly change in national population 10 Source: RP Data, ABS Overseas and interstate migration has weakened across Western Australia and Queensland NSW Natural Increase Net Overseas Migration Net Interstate Migration 11 Source: RP Data, ABS Vic Qld WA Housing supply: dwelling approvals have recently peaked after a solid ramp-up Monthly number of dwelling approvals, national 20,000 Total dwelling approvals 18,000 Total dwelling approvals (6 month rolling avg) 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 Jul-84 Jul-89 Jul-94 Jul-99 National dwelling approvals, houses v units 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Jul-84 12 Jul-89 Source: RP Data, ABS Jul-94 Jul-99 Jul-04 Jul-09 Jul-14 Jul-04 Jul-09 Jul-14 Annual dwelling approvals by major capital 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Jul-86 Jul-90 Sydney Jul-94 Jul-98 Jul-02 Melbourne Brisbane Jul-06 Jul-10 Jul-14 Adelaide Perth Mortgage demand: The value of housing finance commitments to both owner occupiers and investors has recently levelled Value of housing finance commitments, monthly, national 14.0 Owner occupier new loans Owner occupier refinances Investment Total value ($b) 12.0 10.0 8.0 Investor loans $11.5b 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Jul-94 Jul-98 Jul-02 Jul-06 Jul-10 Jul-14 RP Data Mortgage Index, national 13 Source: RP Data, ABS Owner occupier loans (excl. refi) $11.8b On a rolling annual basis, mortgage demand is still increasing but at a slower pace 80.0% Annual change in housing finance commitments vs. annual change in dwelling values Annual growth in housing finance (ex refi) Annual growth in property values 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% -20.0% -40.0% Jul-98 14 Source: RP Data, ABS Jul-00 Jul-02 Jul-04 Jul-06 Jul-08 Jul-10 Jul-12 Jul-14 Investors represent a growing proportion of mortgage demand 70.0% Proportion of housing finance commitments by purpose Owner occupier (ex-refi) 60.0% Owner occupier (refi) Investor 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Jul-94 Jul-98 Jul-02 Jul-06 Proportion of housing finance commitments by purpose Vic Qld WA Source: RP Data, ABS Jul-14 Value of housing finance commitments by purpose NSW 15 Jul-10 Investment properties are mostly concentrated in the unit markets of Melbourne and Sydney Sydney Houses Sydney Units Melbourne Houses Melbourne Units 16 Source: RP Data >50% 40-49% 30-39% 20-29% <20% Consumer sentiment: slowly moving higher after the post-budget slump in confidence Consumer sentiment index 130 120 110 100 90 80 Consumer Sentiment Index Six month rolling average 70 Aug-94 Aug-96 Aug-98 Aug-00 Aug-02 Aug-04 Aug-06 40.0% Wisest place for savings 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 30.0% 20.0% 25.0% 10.0% 20.0% 0.0% 15.0% -10.0% 10.0% -20.0% 5.0% 0.0% Jun-98 Jun-00 Jun-02 Jun-04 Jun-06 Jun-08 Jun-10 Jun-12 Jun-14 Financial Institution Shares Real Estate Pay Debt Source: RP Data, ABS Aug-08 Aug-10 Aug-12 Aug-14 Annual change in consumer sentiment v dwelling values -30.0% -40.0% Aug-98 Aug-00 Aug-02 Aug-04 Aug-06 Aug-08 Aug-10 Aug-12 Aug-14 Consumer sentiment Capital city home values Foreign investment – mountain from a molehill? Where are the overseas residential real estate dollars coming from? Source: RP Data, FIRB, Juwai About Us RP Data is a wholly owned subsidiary of CoreLogic (NYSE: CLGX), a leading global property information, analytics and dataenabled services provider. Regionally RP Data is part of CoreLogic Asia which is a leading property information, analytics and services provider in Australia and New Zealand with growing partnerships throughout Asia. With Australia’s most comprehensive property databases, the company’s combined data offering is derived from public, contributory and proprietary sources and includes over 500 million decision points spanning over three decades of collection, providing detailed coverage of property and other encumbrances such as tenancy, location, hazard risk and related performance information. 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Base data from the LIST © State of Tasmania http://www.thelist.tas.gov.au Source: RP Data, FIRB, Juwai Australian Mortgage Products vs. Japanese And Other Markets ASF Asian Investor Seminar in Tokyo Hiroshi Sonoda Director, Structured Finance Ratings Standard & Poor’s Ratings Japan K.K. September 18, 2014 本資料の一部、もしくは全部を書面による許可なくして転載および引用することを禁じます。Copyright © by 2014 Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC. All rights reserved. Today’s topic • Australian residential mortgage loan products – Credit factors and characteristics of loan products • U.S. and U.K. residential mortgages/RMBS • Performance and Outlook S&P の格付けについて: スタンダード&プアーズ・レーティングズ・サービシズが提供する信用格付には、日本の金融商品取引法に基づき信用格付業者と して登録を受けているスタンダード&プアーズ・レーティング・ジャパン株式会社が提供する信用格付(以下「登録格付」)と、当該 登録を受けていないグループ内の信用格付業を行う法人が提供する信用格付(以下「無登録格付」)があります。本稿中で記載さ れている信用格付はすべて無登録格付です。なお、スタンダード&プアーズ・レーティング・ジャパン株式会社が提供する信用格 付の一覧は同社の日本語ウェブサイト(www.standardandpoors.co.jp)の「ライブラリ・規制関連」で公表しています。 2 Australian Residential Mortgage Products Key credit factors of Australian residential mortgage loans • Full recourse to borrowers with stable income • As lenders will actively pursue this right, if necessary, this affects a borrower's credit-risk consciousness and payment behavior through the loan term. • The majority of working Australians (about 80%) are salaried employees, a level that has remained the same over the past decade • Legal environment and credit culture • The Australian legal environment is relatively more creditor friendly and offers a stronger enforcement regime than the U.S. • This reinforces the more conservative credit culture among Australian borrowers. • Tax incentive • The absence of tax deductions on Australian loans secured by owner-occupied homes motivates borrowers to make partial repayments when possible, resulting in a rapid amortization of loan balances and increasing borrower equity in their homes. • Business model • The originate-to-distribute model has not been a strong feature. Most originators in Australia typically assume various roles in RMBS transactions, and are thereby closely aligned by their interests to the performance of the transactions. • Lenders’ Mortgage Insurance (LMI) is typically involved . 4 Lenders’ mortgage insurance (LMI) • Many Australian prime RMBS are fully mortgage-insured under either a primary or pool mortgage insurance policy. • A primary policy LMI providers typically underwrite each loan individually. • A pool policy is a policy taken out mainly for securitization purposes. It is underwritten on a pool basis and generally where the loans have loan-to-value ratios below 80%. • LMI providers are contracted to pay all valid claims under the LMI policy, but claims may be adjusted (excluded from the policy or denied in case of fraud). • In terms of underwriting practice, LMI providers have a strong motivation to minimize loan losses, because of its 100% cover – first loss protection seller. • Originators and servicers of RMBS perform within the LMI providers’ documented expectations so the claims can be met – contributing origination and underwriting quality. • High claims payout ratio of 90% by two dominant LMI providers for RMBS: • QBE Lenders’ Mortgage Insurance Ltd. (AA-/Negative) • Genworth Financial Mortgage Insurance Pty Ltd. (AA-/Stable) 5 Investment Property Loans (IPLs) • Low interest rate environment is more attractive for IPLs • According to Australian Bureau of Statistics , the proportion of households with Other Property Loan Debt (borrower does not live in it) increased from 10% in 2003-2004 to 12% in 2011-2012 • Investing in property is a part of household wealth building and management in Australia (see ABS chart) Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics • IPLs tend to have a more speculative nature, but the historical performance has been relatively stable and in some case outperformed Non-IPLs (see Westpac chart) • Proportion of IPLs in pools backing RMBS roughly range between 15% to 35% depending on the lender Source : Westpac 6 IPLs tend to be distributed to higher worth, higher income middle age households and tend to be in dual income households Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics 7 Borrower characteristics S&P’s Archetypical Residential Mortgage Loan Pool (1) Australia Japan (Proposed methodology) Borrower characteristics - Employment status Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) employees Salaried employee or professional (not self-employed) - Underwriting standards/credit history Credit check obtained and borrower has a clear credit history Credit check obtained and borrower has a clear credit history - Current loan performance status Loan is currently performing and not delinquent Loan is currently performing and not delinquent - Status of residence/citizenship Australian resident Japanese citizen or permanent resident - First-time buyer Borrower is not a first-time buyer Not applicable under the proposed methodology - Type of occupancy Owner-occupier Owner-occupier - Age Not applicable under the criteria (considered under the above employment status and also affordability fully verified) Not applicable under the proposed methodology (considered under the above employment status and also affordability fully verified) Source: Standard & Poor’s Factors of expected stability of borrower’s income • Full/part-time PAYG > Pension/Over 65 > Commission-based > PAYG-casual > Unemployed • Self-employed: longer years of self-employment > shorter years • First-time buyer: limited payment history 8 Loan characteristics S&P’s Archetypical Residential Mortgage Loan Pool (2) Australia Japan (Proposed methodology) - Security First-registered mortgage over freehold land or crown leaseholds with a lease term of at least 15 years longer than the loan term First registered mortgage over the underlying property (or through a guaranty company) - Loan-to-value (LTV) ratio 75% 75% - Income verification and Debt-to-income (DTI) ratio Income and affordability fully verified (Full Doc) Income is fully verified and annual repayment not to exceed 35% of gross annual income - Savings history Borrower's deposit money (or savings history) are verified Not applicable under the proposed methodology - Interest rate Standard discretionary variable rate (without interestonly period) Fixed - Repayment terms Fully amortizing 30-year loan with even and regular loan installments Fully amortizing (up to) 35-year loan with even and regular loan instalments - Loan seasoning Less than 5 years seasoned Less than 5 years seasoned - Loan size Not applicable under the criteria (see LTV and max. property value) Not applicable under the proposed methodology Loan characteristics Source: Standard & Poor’s 9 • LTV: a key predictor of default • Documentation standards: the borrower's income and affordability (= capacity to pay), as well as assets (= savings history) are fully verified vs. Low-Doc or No-Doc. • Repayment method: Interest-only period (typically up to 5 years. penalty for all IO periods. ) • Loan term/seasoning: positive adjustment factor Security property characteristics S&P’s Archetypical Residential Mortgage Loan Pool (3) Australia Japan (Proposed methodology) - Diversification Geographical diversity, such as state, region, nonmetropolitan, and postcode Geographical diversity, such as prefecture and postcode - Insurance Full general insurance over security property, including appropriate cover for geographically specific risks, such as earthquakes Group credit life insurance - Property type Residential property -- detached, semidetached, townhouses, strata-title flats, apartments, and units (excluding highdensity apartments and hobby farms) No specified under the proposed methodology, but residential property - Property valuation Full valuation (or appraisal) of security property at time of approval Sales price of new purchase or desktop appraisal through loan underwriter's comparative analysis - Max. property value Maximum property value A$1,000,000 Maximum property value JPY100,000,000 Security property characteristics Source: Standard & Poor’s • Property type: the value of inner city apartments in Australia can be volatile due to lower market liquidity (i.e. Loss Severity) and borrowers may be more motivated by the prospect of short-term capital gain (i.e., Foreclosure Frequency). • High-value security properties (with value of greater than A$1 million): may be exposed to a higher degree of resale value volatility due to the narrower range of prospective purchasers (i.e., Loss Severity) 10 S&P-rated RMBS portfolio characteristics Portfolio Characteristics Of Collateral Underlying Australian RMBS As Of June 2014 Prime Subprime And Nonconforming 97.6% 2.4% 2.6% 7.6% 2.7% Weighted Average LTV 61.4% 70.4% 61.7% % Above 75% LTV 32.5% 48.9% 32.9% % Above 90% LTV 5.2% 7.6% 5.3% 63 42 63 2.3% 40.5% 3.2% 21.8% 24.7% 21.9% Proportion Of Total RMBS Loans > A$750,000 Weighted Average Seasoning (Months) Income Partially Verified Prepayment Rate Source: Standard & Poor’s 11 Weighted Average U.K. and U.S. Residential Mortgages/RMBS U.K. Residential Mortgage/RMBS • Market Trends • U.K. investor-placed RMBS issuance decline sharply in 2013 to € 5.3 bil, down 80% compared with 2012 and more than 90% since 2006. But Mortgage lending has been increasing since mid-2013. • New mortgage rules • Affordability and Income Stress Test under new regulation • For I/O loan, lender must assess affordability on a capital and interest, unless there is a clearly understood and believable alternative source of capital repayment, which led to the reduction of I/O loans • Master trust structure • Most of the UK prime RMBS are issued from master trust structures. • Ongoing sale of the assets to the programme (subject to conditions aiming to control the credit quality of the pool) • RMBS Performance • We expect U.K. house prices to increase by 7.0% in 2014, before decelerating to 4.5% in 2015. • On the back of strong economic performance, delinquencies declined further in all of our residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) indexes. Delinquencies of 90 days and above in our rated prime and buy-to-let (BTL) transactions fell to their lowest levels since 2008, to 1.88%, and to 2.82%, respectively. 13 U.K. Residential Mortgage/RMBS Low Interest Rates Are Underpinning Europe’s House Price Recovery, July 28, 2014 14 U.S. Residential Mortgages/RMBS • Market Trends • Most loans originated today are ultimately sold to government sponsored entities (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) who then issue securities backed by the mortgage loans - This promotes the availability of the 30-year fixed rate mortgage product to consumers (a ‘staple’ in the U.S.) - Underwriting requirements have been high and it is more difficult to qualify for a Fannie/Freddie loan today than it was years ago • Federal Housing Administration (FHA) also make-up a good portion of mortgage originations • Housing starts in the U.S. on an annualized basis have been near one-million • First-time homebuyers have decreased compared to historical norms as more cash buyers have been part of the market and other factors (student loan debt, difficulty in obtaining a mortgage) deter purchases for first timers • Inventories of distressed properties from the housing downturn have been declining, and home-prices have seen double-digit growth over the last several years • Regulatory Changes • Introduction of Qualified Mortgages (QM) earlier in 2014 provides that loan originators provide “ability to repay” standards in order to avoid certain recourse to the lender - Deters origination of mortgages with interest only features and high debt-to-income ratios - We have observed little non-QM origination since the rule went into effect January 10, 2014 • RMBS Performance • Legacy RMBS have continued to experience improving collateral performance as loans season and macro-economic conditions improve 15 U.S. Residential Mortgage/RMBS A Resilient Housing Market And Economic Momentum Buttress U.S. RMBS, May 30, 2014 16 Performance and Outlook of Australian RMBS Australian House Prices 18 Strong performance of prime RMBS Source: Standard & Poor’s Source: Standard & Poor’s Strong performance • Relatively low level of unemployment rate • No material drop in house price Higher prepayment rate in Australian mortgages • possible factors including mobility, interest rate environment, housing price, as well as tax system 19 Key credit factors of Australian residential mortgage loans • We expect most Australian RMBS transactions to remain stable in 2014. This outlook is based on our expectation that collateral performance will remain stable and credit enhancement will continue to build up in percentage terms as the underlying asset pools pay down. • Prime arrears continue to trend downwards which largely reflects the progressive lowering of interest rates by the RBA over the last 12 months. As the majority of loans underlying Australian RMBS portfolios are now variable rate, movements in interest rates have a more direct impact on arrears performance. • Lo-Doc loans arrears performance reflects the greater vulnerability of these borrowers, who are mostly self employed, to cash flow pressures in subdued economic conditions compared to their Full-Doc counterparts. • The subordinated classes of Australian prime RMBS that have a high dependency on LMI are likely to remain sensitive to any changes in the financial strength ratings of LMI providers. • Stresses in certain industry sectors could also have a flow-on effect on the household sector and affect the credit conditions for the RMBS sector. Specifically an increase in unemployment, weakening household income, and dampening consumer sentiment could cause the housing market to become more subdued, property prices to decrease, and the housing loan consumer finance serviceability of some borrowers to come under pressure. • We believe senior classes of Australian RMBS notes are well positioned however to absorb the impact of such downside scenarios, due to a buildup of borrower equity for seasoned transactions, significant credit enhancement provided at close, and the continued buildup of credit enhancement in percentage terms for most RMBS notes due to sequential principal allocation. 20 Copyright © 2014 by Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC. All rights reserved. 本稿に掲載されているコンテンツ(信用格付、信用関連分析およびデータ、バリュエーション、モデル、ソフトウエア、またはそのほかのアプリケーションもしくはそのアウトプットを含む)及びこれらのいかなる部分(以下「本コンテンツ」と いいます。)について、スタンダード&プアーズ・ファイナンシャル・サービシズ・エル・エル・シーまたはその関連会社(以下、総称して「スタンダード&プアーズ」)による事前の書面による許可を得ることなく、いかなる形式あるいは手段 によっても、修正、リバースエンジニアリング、複製、頒布を行うこと、あるいはデーターベースや情報検索システムへ保存することを禁じます。本コンテンツを不法な目的あるいは権限が与えられていない目的のために使用すること を禁じます。 スタンダード&プアーズ、外部サービス提供者、およびその取締役、執行役員、株主、従業員あるいは代理人(以下、総称して「スタンダード&プアーズ関係者」)はいずれも、本コンテンツに関して、その正確性、完全性、適時性、利 用可能性について保証いたしません。スタンダード&プアーズ関係者はいずれも、原因が何であれ、本コンテンツの誤謬や脱漏(過失であれその他の理由によるものであれ)、あるいは、本コンテンツを利用したことにより得られた結 果に対し、あるいは利用者により入力されたいかなる情報の安全性や維持に関して、一切責任を負いません。 本コンテンツは「現状有姿」で提供されています。スタンダード&プアーズ関係者は、明示または黙示にかかわらず、本 コンテンツについて、特定の目的や使用に対する商品性や適合性に対する保証を含むいかなる事項について一切の保証をせず、また、本コンテンツに関して、バグ、ソフトウエアのエラーや欠陥がないこと、本コンテンツの機能が妨 げられることがないこと、または、本コンテンツがいかなるソフトウエアあるいはハードウエアの設定環境においても作動することについての保証を含む一切の保証をいたしません。いかなる場合においても、スタンダード&プアーズ 関係者は、損害が生じる可能性について報告を受けていた場合であっても、本コンテンツの利用に関連する直接的、間接的、付随的、制裁的、代償的、懲罰的、特別ないし派生的な損害、経費、費用、訴訟費用、損失(損失利益、 逸失利益あるいは機会費用、過失により生じた損失などを含みますが、これらに限定されません)に対して、いかなる者に対しても、一切責任を負いません。 本コンテンツにおける、信用格付を含む信用関連などの分析、および見解は、それらが表明された時点の意見を示すものであって、事実の記述ではありません。スタンダード&プアーズの意見、分析、格付けの承認に関する決定 (以下に述べる)は、証券の購入、保有または売却の推奨や勧誘を行うものではなく、何らかの投資判断を推奨するものでも、いかなる証券の投資適合性について言及するものでもありません。スタンダード&プアーズは、本コンテン ツについて、公表後にいかなる形式やフォーマットにおいても更新する義務を負いません。本コンテンツの利用者、その経営陣、従業員、助言者または顧客は、投資判断やそのほかのいかなる決定においても、本コンテンツに依拠し てはならず、本コンテンツを自らの技能、判断または経験に代替させてはならないものとします。スタンダード&プアーズは「受託者」あるいは投資助言業者としては、そのように登録されている場合を除き、行為するものではありませ ん。スタンダード&プアーズは、信頼に足ると判断した情報源から情報を入手してはいますが、入手したいかなる情報についても監査はせず、またデューデリジェンスや独自の検証を行う義務を負うものではありません。 ある国の規制当局が格付け会社に対して、他国で発行された格付けを規制対応目的で当該国において承認することを認める場合には、スタンダード&プアーズは、弊社自身の裁量により、かかる承認をいかなる時にも付与、取り 下げ、保留する権利を有する。スタンダード&プアーズ関係者は、承認の付与、取り下げ、保留から生じる義務、およびそれを理由に被ったとされる損害についての責任を負わないものとします。 スタンダード&プアーズは、それぞれの業務の独立性と客観性を保つために、事業部門の特定の業務を他の業務から分離させています。結果として、スタンダード&プアーズの特定の事業部門は、他の事業部門が入手できない情 報を得ている可能性があります。スタンダード&プアーズは各分析作業の過程で入手する非公開情報の機密を保持するための方針と手続を確立しています。 スタンダード&プアーズは、信用格付の付与や特定の分析の提供に対する報酬を、通常は発行体、証券の引受業者または債務者から、受領することがあります。スタンダード&プアーズは、その意見と分析結果を広く周知させる権 利を留保しています。スタンダード&プアーズの公開信用格付と分析は、無料サイトのwww.standardandpoors.com、そして、購読契約による有料サイトのwww.ratingsdirect.comおよびwww.globalcreditportal.com で閲覧できるほか、スタン ダード&プアーズによる配信、あるいは第三者からの再配信といった、他の手段によっても配布されます。信用格付手数料に関する詳細については、www.standardandpoors.com/usratingsfeesに掲載しています。 日本 S&Pの格付けについて: スタンダード&プアーズ・レーティングズ・サービシズが提供する信用格付には、日本の金融商品取引法に基づき信用格付業者として登録を受けているスタンダード&プアーズ・レーティング・ジャパン株式会 社が提供する信用格付(以下「登録格付」)と、当該登録を受けていないグループ内の信用格付業を行う法人が提供する信用格付(以下「無登録格付」)があります。本稿中で記載されている信用格付のうち「※」が付されている信用 格付は無登録格付であり、それ以外は全て登録格付です。なお、スタンダード&プアーズ・レーティング・ジャパン株式会社が提供する信用格付の一覧は同社の日本語ウェブサイト(www.standardandpoors.co.jp)の「ライブラリ・規制関 連」で公表しています。 Australian RMBS & Covered Bond Update 18 September 2014 Panel Participants Speaker Position Organisation Director, Securitisation Originations National Australia Bank Peter Casey Deputy Treasurer ING Bank Russel Parentela Global Head of Mortgages Bloomberg Tim Hughes Treasurer Suncorp Bank Guy Volpicella Executive Director Head of Structured Funding & Capital Westpac Banking Corporation Jennifer Wu Vice President Moody’s Investors Service Moderator Lionel Koe Panel Participants 2 AUS RMBS Issuance Volumes Australian RMBS Issuance (A$m) 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: NAB & Bloomberg Domestic 3 Foreign Currency (AUD equiv.) AOFM Investment 1st September 2014, total RMBS issuance of A$20.1b compared to A$17.8b (year on year) 2014 (YTD) AUS RMBS Issuance Volume A$M Equiv. Aussie RMBS Issuance PRIME RMBS Outstanding^ 30,000 Source: NAB, Bloomberg Total outstanding A$74.8 Total % Total AUD A$66.6 89% Total offshore currency A$8.2 11% Major bank A$26.4 35% Other ADI A$36.5 49% Non bank A$11.8 16% 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 2008 Big 4 ADI 2009 2010 Regional and Large ADIs Source: NAB & Bloomberg 4 2011 2012 2013 Other ADIs YtD2013 YtD2014 Non ADIs Source: NAB & Bloomberg Australia – Covered Bond Issuance AUD Equiv. Mill Australian Bank* Covered Bond Issuance 45,000 2012, 2013 & YTD Covered Bond Issuance AUD Equiv. Mill 16,000 Source: NAB, Bloomberg 40,000 14,036 14,000 2012 35,000 30,000 2013 12,000 2014 9,690 10,000 25,000 8,964 20,000 8,000 15,000 6,000 7,798 5,124 10,000 3,896 4,000 5,000 Source: NAB, Bloomberg 4,085 5,391 5,159 4,814 4,254 2,200 1,902 2,000 - Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun * inlcudes offshore subsidiaires Source: NAB & Bloomberg 5 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0 ANZ CBA Source: NAB & Bloomberg NAB WBC SUN RMBS Spreads & relativities 180 Last AOFM RMBS 170 Purchase 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Jul 11 Oct 11 Jan 12 Apr 12 Jul 12 Oct 12 Jan 13 Apr 13 Jul 13 Oct 13 Jan 14 Apr 14 Jul 14 3yr major bank secondary mid levels (3mBBSW) 6 5yr major bank secondary levels (3mBBSW) ADI prime RMBS senior triple-A primary spreads (1mBBSW) 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Nonbank prime RMBS senior triple-A primary spreads (1mBBSW) 7 Source: Moody's Investors Service 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Jun-08 Feb-12 Jun-12 Oct-12 Feb-13 Dec-12 Mar-13 Jun-13 Jun-14 Mar-14 Dec-13 Jun-14 Feb-14 Oct-13 Jun-13 Oct-11 Sep-12 Sep-13 Jun-11 Jun-12 Oct-10 Jun-10 Feb-10 Oct-09 Jun-09 Feb-09 Oct-08 Mar-12 Non-ADI Feb-11 Austalian RMBS30-PlusDelinquencies(By Issuer Type) Dec-11 Sep-11 Jun-11 Other ADI Mar-11 Dec-10 Sep-10 Jun-10 Mar-10 Regional ADI Dec-09 Feb-08 Oct-07 Jun-07 Feb-07 Oct-06 Jun-06 Feb-06 Oct-05 Jun-05 Feb-05 Oct-04 Jun-04 Feb-04 Oct-03 Jun-03 Feb-03 Oct-02 Jun-02 Feb-02 60-90 Sep-09 Jun-09 Jun-01 Oct-01 90+ Mar-09 Dec-08 Sep-08 Major Bank Jun-08 Mar-08 Dec-07 Sep-07 Jun-07 Mar-07 Dec-06 Sep-06 Jun-06 Mar-06 Dec-05 Sep-05 Jun-05 Mar-05 Dec-04 % of Current Balance 2.0% 1.8% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0% Sep-04 Jun-04 % of Current Balance Australian RMBS Arrears Performance Australian Prime RMBSDelinquencies 30-60 RMBS Performance (pre-LMI Loss) RMBS Cumulative Losses by Deal Vintage Jun-2013 (Pre-LMI) Dec-2013 (Pre-LMI) Jun-14 (Pre-LMI) Jun-2013 (Post -LMI) Dec-2013 (Post -LMI) Jun-14 (Post -LMI) 0.60% % of Original Balance* 0.50% 0.40% 0.30% 0.20% 0.10% 0.00% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 •Calculation is based on the outstanding transactions. Source: Moody's Investors Service 8 To date, no prime Australian RMBS note has experienced a note charge-off 2011 2012 9 Source: Moody's Investors Service 0.00% May-14 Jan-14 Sep-13 May-13 Jan-13 Sep-12 May-12 Jan-12 Sep-11 May-11 Jan-11 Sep-10 May-10 Jan-10 UK Sep-09 May-09 Jan-09 Aust ralia Sep-08 May-08 Jan-08 Sep-07 May-07 Jan-07 Sep-06 May-06 Jan-06 Sep-05 May-05 Jan-05 Sep-04 May-04 Jan-04 % of Current Balance Arrears Performance (Aust, UK and Dutch) RMBS 60+ Days Delinquency Net herlands 3.50% 3.00% 2.50% 2.00% 1.50% 1.00% 0.50% Typical Prime RMBS Capital Structure Senior Tranche (≈92%) • Triple-A Rated • Credit support: AAA/Aaa LMI Independent with credit support usually exceeding rating agency requirements Mezzanine Tranche (5% to 6%) • Triple-A Rated • Credit support: sized based on triple-A loss expectation after accounting for lenders’ mortgage insurance • Credit support typically ranges from 2% to 3% Subordinate Tranche (2% to 3%) 10 • Rating linked to lenders’ mortgage insurance provider and notes sub-tranched from AA- to Not Rated Principal Waterfall 11 Pool Comparison – Recent Issuance 12 Issue Date Issue Volume Pool Summary Avg. Housing Loan Balance (A$) W.Avg. Seasoning W.Avg. Current LVR >80% Current LVR Maximum Current LVR Investment Loans Full Doc Loans Interest Only Loans Fixed Rate Loans Mortgage Insurance Geographic Distribution NSW VIC QLD WA SA & NT TAS ACT Credit Support S&P AAA (sf) Pre LMI Actual Class A Initial Credit Support Source: S&P SMHL 2014-1 Jully-14 $1,450m PUMA 2014-2 July-14 $1,000m Firstmac 1A-2014 Jun-14 $750m IDOL 2014-1 Jun-14 $1,250m WST 2014-1 Jun-14 $2,500m PROGRESS 2014-1 Mar -14 $1,000m 261,164 159,286 294,949 293,428 282,779 261,015 292,825 31.9 mths 60.6% 5.7% 95.0% 25.2% 100.0% 19.5% 13.6% 15.5% 57.5 mths 63.3% 19.8% 95.0% 21.0% 100.0% 12.9% 22.6% 100.0% 18.0 mths 65.9% 16.9% 92.0% 25.0% 100.0% 25.0% 22.4% 100.0% 26.4 mths 67.0% 15.7% 94.9% 37.7% 100.0% 44.4% 2.9% 61.9% 27.5 mths 66.0% 11.5% 89.8% 18.4% 100.0% 14.3% 18.4% 100.0% 37.1 mths 62.1% 11.8% 95.0% 22.3% 100.0% 24.9% 21.0% 12.9% 36.2 mths 65.5% 11.4% 92.4% 29.5% 100.0% 47.4% 27.4% 100.0% 30.0% 29.0% 18.2% 12.7% 5.9% 2.7% 1.5% 22.7% 28.3% 14.9% 12.0% 6.7% 5.2% 10.2% 38.2% 26.0% 17.9% 8.4% 4.7% 1.5% 3.2% 30.4% 20.8% 29.6% 6.9% 8.0% 0.5% 3.8% 41.4% 22.1% 12.2% 9.4% 9.3% 1.2% 4.3% 33.2% 26.4% 16.8% 14.9% 5.1% 1.2% 2.3% 39.0% 21.6% 16.3% 13.5% 6.7% 0.7% 2.4% 4.8% 5.5% 5.9% 10.7% 4.5% 5.1% 6.9% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% 15.0% 8.0% 8.0% 8.0% MEDALLION 2014-2 Aug-14 $4,000m Developments and outlook for ABS 18 September 2014 Panel Participants Speaker Position Organisation Chief Executive Officer Australian Securitisation Forum Sarah Hofman Managing Director Head of Primary Markets, Australia The Royal Bank of Scotland Vera Chaplin Managing Director, Structured Finance Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services Guy Volpicella Executive Director Head of Structured Funding & Capital Westpac Banking Corporation Moderator Chris Dalton Panel Participants 2 Australian Asset Backed Securities Issuance 2013 and 2014 Australian ABS Issuance Volume Analysis (2013 – 14YTD) Australian Senior AAA Tranche ABS Deals – Spread Analysis Assumed CCS Optionality & Credit Charge on Foreign Denominated tranches: 20 bps; Average Senior Tranche WAL – Average: 1.7 years; Range Senior Tranche WAL: 0.85 years to 2.5 years Source: Dealogic 3 Australian Asset Backed Securities Issuance 2013 and 2014 Senior AAA Tranche ABS Deals Tranche Value (USDm) Currency Coupon 1-mth BBSW Spread Eqv. Wt Avg. Life (yrs) Flexi ABS Trust 2014-1 101 AUD 1-mth BBSW +100bps 100 1 05-Jun-14 SMART ABS Series 2014-2E Trust 519 AUD 3-mth BBSW +80bps 88 2 05-Mar-14 SMART ABS Series 2014-1US Trust 40 USD 1-mth Libor +30bps 46 1 12-Dec-13 Crusade ABS Series 2013-1 765 AUD 1-mth BBSW +80bps 80 3 14-Nov-13 Driver Australia One Trust 403 AUD 1-mth BBSW +85bps 85 1 07-Nov-13 Liberty Series 2013-1 Auto ABS 107 AUD 1-mth BBSW +120bps 120 2 27-Sep-13 SMART ABS Series 2013-3 Trust 391 AUD 3-mth BBSW +95bps 103 2 06-Sep-13 IMPALA Trust No 1 Sub-Series 2013-1 183 AUD 1-mth BBSW +105bps 105 2 30-Aug-13 Flexi ABS Trust 2013-2 101 AUD 1-mth BBSW +120bps 120 1 29-Aug-13 BPI No 1 Pty Ltd 242 AUD 3-mth BBSW +215bps 223 9 10-Jul-13 CNH Capital Trust Series 2013-1 249 AUD 3-mth BBSW +110bps 118 2 18-Jun-13 Flexi ABS Trust 2013-1 146 AUD 1-mth BBSW +120bps 120 1 16-May-13 Series 2013-1 REDS EHP Trust 714 AUD 1-mth BBSW +100bps 100 1 15-May-13 SMART ABS Series 2013-2US Trust 143 USD 1-mth Libor +25bps 41 1 16-Jan-13 SMART ABS Series 2013-1US Trust 70 USD 1-mth Libor +27bps 43 1 Pricing Date Issuer 20-Jun-14 Source: Dealogic 4 ABS Performance Global ABS ratings performed strongly through the downturn Australian ABS rating upgrades outweighed downgrades reflecting strong collateral performance and supportive transaction structures Sequential-pay of rated securities resulting in faster build up of credit enhancement as a percentage of outstanding balance relative to loss experience Standard & Poor’s expects ABS performance outlook to be stable and able withstand moderate economic downturn 5 ABS exhibited stronger performance in softer economic conditions 6 Aust./NZ ABS ratings performance reflect concentration in Auto and equipment – ABS Performance Source: Standard & Poor’s Copyright: Standard & Poor’s 2014 7 Australian Auto & Equipment ABS: Loss Coverage Growing Faster Than Increase in Losses Pool factor (% ) Cumulative net loss (% ) Current credit support available to most senior note (% ) CNH Capital Australia Receivables Trust Series 2011-1 21.4 0.9 41.0 CNH Capital Australia Receivables Trust Series 2013-1 61.2 0.4 21.7 Driver Australia One Trust 71.4 0.1 19.9 IMPALA Trust No. 1 - Sub Series 2011-1 16.4 0.3 24.8 IMPALA Trust No. 1 - Sub Series 2012-1 42.8 0.3 15.0 IMPALA Trust No. 1 - Sub Series 2013-1 75.2 0.0 11.2 Liberty Series 2011-1 Auto 23.9 1.6 53.5 National ABS 2012-1M 28.8 0.2 16.8 Source: Standard & Poor’s, Data as at June 2014 Copyright: Standard & Poor’s 8 Australian Auto & Equipment Cumulative Net Losses By Originator (Paid Down Transactions) 9 Australian Auto & Equipment Cumulative Net Losses – On Selected Active Transactions Source: Standard & Poor’s Copyright: Standard & Poor’s 2014 10 Auto-ABS Collateral Performance 11 Australian ABS and RMBS Collateral Performance 12 Crusade ABS Programme Westpac is the only major Australian bank with an active Auto ABS programme – Crusade ABS 2012-1 transaction launched 2012 – Westpac’s first auto ABS transaction since the Westpac / St. George merger in 2008 – Second transaction launched 2013 Deal Crusade ABS 2013-1 Crusade ABS 2012-1 (Dec 13) (Dec 12) (Issue Date) Size $1.0bn $1.2bn ‘AAA’ Credit Enhancement 16% 15% Collateral Auto: 100% Auto: 100% Number of Contracts 52,309 59,609 W.A. Yield 11% 11% Re-establishing the auto ABS programme has enabled Westpac to further diversify its sources of wholesale funding and access a range of domestic and offshore investors W.A. Seasoning (mth) 22 19 W.A. Remaining term (mth) 39 41 W.A. Balloon 8% 8% Crusade 2012-1 and 2013-1 priced at or inside major bank RMBS transactions (a first for the market): – 2012-1: 1M BBSW + 100bp (2.5year WAL) vs. NAB RMBS: 1M BBSW + 110bp – 2013-1: 1M BBSW + 80bp (2.5 year WAL) vs. CBA RMBS: 1M BBSW + 80bp % of Pool with Balloon 31% 32% New vs. Used New: 70% New: 69% Used: 30% Used: 31% 19,117 20,131 The programme has many features that appeal to investors: – 12 month revolving period (the only Australian ABS programme to have this feature) to increase duration – Granular portfolio with predictable default performance – High levels of subordination (15-16%) to AAA notes – Low prepayment sensitivity – Relatively high portfolio yield leading to high excess spread 13 Average Loan Size (A$) Investor Distribution Supranational / Govt. 6% Fund Manager 8% Insurance 3% Offshore Bank 64% Local Bank 19% 14 Bank RMBS (2.5 – 3.5 year WAL) Medallion 14-2 SMHL 14-1 1H 2014 PUMA 14-2 40 IDOL 14-1 Crusade ABS 2013-1 WST 14-1 Progress 14-1 2H 2013 Torrens 14-1 A 60 Puma 14-1 A Driver Australia One Medall 14-1 A1 SMHL 13-1 A WST 13-2 A PUMA 13-1 A Progress 13-1 A 1H 2013 IDOL 13-2 A1 Crusade ABS 2012-1 Medall 13-2 A1 Reds 13-1 A1 Torrens 13-1 A Apollo 13-1 A 120 IDOL 13-1 A1 SMHL 12-1 A-1R 2H 2012 Medall 13-1 A1 WST 13-1 A Torrens 13-1 A National 12-2 A1 Reds 12-1E A1 IDOL 12-2 A2 80 SMHL 12-2 A1 Apollo 12-1 A Progress 12-2 A Medall 12-1 A Relative RMBS and ABS Pricing RMBS and ABS Pricing 180 160 140 REDS EHP 2013-1 100 SMART 2014-1E 20 0 2H 2014 15 Bank RMBS (2.5 – 3.5 year WAL) Medallion 14-2 SMHL 14-1 1H 2014 PUMA 14-2 IDOL 14-1 WST 14-1 Progress 14-1 2H 2013 Torrens 14-1 A Puma 14-1 A Medall 14-1 A1 SMHL 13-1 A WST 13-2 A PUMA 13-1 A 1H 2013 Progress 13-1 A 40 IDOL 13-2 A1 Medall 13-2 A1 Reds 13-1 A1 Torrens 13-1 A Apollo 13-1 A IDOL 13-1 A1 SMHL 12-1 A-1R 2H 2012 Medall 13-1 A1 WST 13-1 A Torrens 13-1 A National 12-2 A1 Reds 12-1E A1 IDOL 12-2 A2 SMHL 12-2 A1 Apollo 12-1 A Progress 12-2 A Medall 12-1 A Relative RMBS and ABS Pricing RMBS and ABS pricing compared to 3 year unsecured pricing 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 Major Bank 3 Year Unsecured Margin 20 0 2H 2014 Disclaimer This material is issued by The Royal Bank of Scotland plc (“RBS”) and is intended to provide the recipient (the “Recipient”) with a summary of potential transaction structures and terms and conditions that may or may not lead to transactions being entered into between RBS and the Recipient. 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