1. No category

The 27th Microelectronics Workshop（MEWS27）
Innovative component technology to
support the mission of Advanced
Land Observing Satellite-2
Oct. 24th. 2014
Hideki SARUWATARI
ALOS-2 Project Team, JAXA
Today’s contents
1. Outline of ALOS-2 Mission and System
2. Innovative component technology to
support ALOS-2
3. System Initial Checkout Status
4. Summary
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1. Outline of ALOS-2 Mission and System
3
About ALOS
Star Tracker
恒星センサ（STT）
Data
Relay and Communication
データ中継衛星通信部（DRC）
GPS
antenna
GPSアンテナ
PALSAR
Solar Paddle
・Observable range：870km
・revisit cycle ：5 days
・Disaster monitoring
・Crustal movement
・Resource survey
PALSAR
ﾌｪｰｽﾞﾄﾞｱﾚ
ｲ方式
Lﾊﾞﾝﾄﾞ合成
開口ﾚｰﾀﾞ
（PALSAR
）
PRISM
ﾊﾟﾝｸﾛﾏﾁｯｸ
立体視ｾﾝｻ
（PRISM）
AVNIR-2
高性能可視近赤外
放射計２型
（AVNIR-2）
PRISM
ALOS-2
•highly accurate digital
surface model(DSM)
・Cartography
ALOS Characteristics
Launch Date
： Jan. 24, 2006
Spacecraft Mass ： Approx. 4 tons
Generated Power ： Approx. 7 kW (at End of Life)
Design Life
： 3 - 5 years
Orbit
： Sun-Synchronous Sub-Recurrent
Altitude
： 691.65km
Inclination
： 98.16ﾟ
Period
： 98.7minutes
Repeat Cycle
： 46days（Sub Cycle 2days）
Local time at descending node ：
10:30am±15minutes
・ Observable range ：70km
・High resolution: 2.5ｍ
PALSAR-2
AVNIR-2
・ Observable range ：1,520 km
・ revisit cycle ：3 days
・Regional Observation
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ALOS-2 Mission
• Disaster Monitoring (Secure the public safety)
– Fast access to damaged areas and continuous monitoring
– In-SAR data necessary for deformation forecast/monitoring
• Land Monitoring (Preserve and manage national land)
– based upon archived data
• Agricultural Monitoring (Facilitate food supply)
– necessary for evaluation of irrigated rice
• Natural Resource Exploration
(Facilitate natural resources and energy supply)
– necessary for detecting oil and mineral resources in the ground
and seabed
• Global Forest Monitoring
(Resolve global-level environmental issues)
– global monitoring of tropical rain forests to identify carbon
sinks
5
Improvement from ALOS
ALOS
ALOS-2
Recurrent cycle
46 days
14 days
Observable
range
870km
2320km
(Right looking)
(Left & Right looking)
Spatial
Resolution
Downlink
10m (Stripmap)
1-3m (Spotlight),
3m/6m/10m
(Stripmap)
138Mbps (X-band)
& Data Relay Satellite
800Mbps (X-band)
& Data Relay Satellite
6
ALOS-2
ALOS-2 in-orbit configuration
Y
Specification
L-band SAR
(PALSAR-2)
Stripmap:
3 to 10m res., 50 to 70km swath
ScanSAR:
100m res., 350km/490km swath
Spotlight:
1×3m res., 25km swath
Orbit
Sun-synchronous orbit
Altitude: 628km
Local sun time : 12:00 +/- 15min
Revisit: 14days
Life time
5 years (target: 7 years)
Mass
2,082kg (incl. fuel)
Generated Power : 5140W(EOL)
Battery Capacity : 200Ah(100Ah x 2)
Battery Type : Li-ion
X
Z
Data relay antenna
Solar Arrays
L-band SAR antenna
X-band downlink antenna
Power
Observation
Duty
50%(approx. 48min)
Downlink
X-band: 800Mbps(16QAM)
400/200Mbps(QPSK)
Ka-band: 278Mbps (QPSK)
Mission Data Capacity : 128GByte(EOL)
Storage
(G = 2^30)
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2. Innovative component technology
to support ALOS-2
8
Key technologies
Key technologies:
•GaN HEMT
•CGA mounging technology
•High Speed SerDes (Gigabits class)
Important component technolgies:
•HR5000S
•POL (Point-Of-Load)
“Development Status of JAXA Point-Of-Load DC/DC converter”, 22nd MEWS, 2009
9
“Current status of MPU development for space”, 22nd MEWS, 2009
PALSAR-2 needs huge
performance improvement
• PALSAR-2 antenna has 1080 radiating elements
fed by 180 Transmit/Receive Modules (TRMs).
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GaN HEMT for TRMs
• The TRM has high efficiency and high power
performance by using Gallium Nitride (GaN) High
Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT).
GaN
V pol
PALSAR
ALOS-2
H pol
HPA
GaN HEMT
Si BJT
Tx power
34W
25W
Units
180
80
Efficiency
35％
25％
Noise Figure
2.9dB
2.9dB
TRM
size[mm]
200×110×14.6
203×117×23.5
TRM weight
400g
675g
“The overview of the L-band SAR onboard ALOS-2”, 27th ISTS, 2009
“High Power L-band T/R Module utilizing GaN HEMT”, 24th MEWS, 2011
11
High performance mission data
handling system is necessary
MOD FPGA
(CGA package)
PALSAR-2
antenna
PALSAR-2
ELU
Other
components
Serializer /
Deserializer
800 Mbps
max
Data
recorder
(MDP)
800/400/200
Mbps
277 Mbps
X-band
downlink
antenna
transponder
X-band Multimode Highspeed
Modulator
(XMOD)
KMOD
Data rely
antenna
transponder
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MOD FPGA for high speed data
transmission
• High speed SRAM-type FPGA was adopted for
base band modulation (MOD FPGA).
• MOD FPGA is CGA (Column Grid Array) package
type which JAXA first adopted.
33mm
– Low CTE PWB (Copper Invar Copper) was adopted
– Mounting , inspection process was established
33mm
＜Bottom View of the CGA package＞
“Development of an X-band Multi-mode High speed Modulato”, ISTS 2011 13
High speed Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes)
• High speed SerDes was adopted for interface
between MDP and XMOD.
• JAXA adopted SerDes device for the first time.
– radiation sensitivity was evaluated
– transmission performance was tested
MDP
XMOD
Data
Max 8 Para
(800Mbps)
Deserializer
Serializer
K-code 8ch
CLK 100MHｚ
Data
Max 8 Para
(800Mbps)
CLK
100MHｚ
＜Interface between MDHS and XMOD＞
“Development of an X-band Multi-mode High speed Modulato”, ISTS 2011 14
3. Summary of Initial Operation Results
15
Launch Operation of ALOS-2
 ALOS-2 was successfully launched by
the H-IIA Launch Vehicle No.24 on
Saturday May 24th, 2014 (Japan
Standard Time, JST) from the
Tanegashima Space Center.
Satellite
/ PAF Installation
Satellite
/Fairing Installation
Fairing
/Rocket connection
Launch
16
Critical Phase Operation
27th May, 2014,
the early orbit phase so-called “critical phase” of
ALOS-2 had completed.
17
PALSAR-2 Antenna Deployment
-Package deploymentThe stowed antenna panels
were released from mission
structure by pyrotechnics
firing.
No.3 antenna
Mission Structure
PALSAR-2 No.3 antenna
the eyesight of deployment camera
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PALSAR-2 Antenna Deployment
-Wing deployment-
No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5
Mission Structure
No.5 antenna
No.1 antenna
No.2 antenna
No.4 antenna
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Initial Checkout of ALOS-2
 Initial checkout of ALOS-2 was completed.
 PALSAR-2 performance
 GPS Receiver, Reaction Wheel, Star Tracker
 SAP power generation, Bus power control
 X-band antenna and Data relay antenna pointing
 Data downlink by X-band
QPSK(200Mbps/400Mbps）, 16QAM(800Mbps)
 Data Relay communication via DRTS by Ka-band
QPSK(278Mbps)
Now!
4
5
△
Launch
6
7
△
PALSAR-2
First image
2014
8
9
10
11
12
△
Product publication
Bus　Check out
PALSAR-2
Check out
Calibraton
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The first image of ALOS-2
th
(June 20 , 2014)
Mt.Fuji
: Ultra-Fine mode (res.3m, Off nadir 40.6 deg)
: Red HH, Green HV, Blue HH/HV
21
Remarkable improvement on PALSAR-2
Urayasu image by
: JERS-1 / PALSAR / PALSAR-2
JERS-1
Resolution :18 m
PALSAR
Resolution :10 m
PALSAR-2
Resolution :3 m
22
Remarkable improvement on PALSAR-2
Jumeirah Village Circle, Dubai (1/2)
23
Remarkable improvement on PALSAR-2
Jumeirah Village Circle, Dubai (2/2)
24
Disaster monitoring application
ALOS-2 emergency observation images of Mt.Ontake
After eruption
Before eruption
A basin was observed
after eruption
2014/09/28 12:45(JST)
2014/08/18 23:58(JST)
25
High duty observation
 PALSAR-2’s high duty observation capability,
which is realized by the GaN HEMT, was
confirmed during initial checkout.
Satellite
Freqency Band
ALOS-2/PALSAR-2
L
TerraSAR-X
CosmoSkyMed
RADARSAT2
X
X
C
Continuous
Observation
Time
48 minutes
(50% duty)
3 minutes
10 minutes
15 minutes
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High rate mission data downlink
 High rate mission data downlink capability
was confirmed during initial checkout.
 Measured constellations of XMOD’s three mode
shows mission data can be transferred to ground
stations without any problem.
 Data rate of 800Mbps for X-band is the world’s
highest level in the single carrier modulation
system.
Constellation for X-band transmission
800Mbps(16QAM)
400Mbps(QPSK)
200Mbps(QPSK)
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4. Summary
28
Summary
 ALOS-2 succeeds to ALOS’s mission with
enhanced capabilities.
 ALOS-2 was successfuly launched on 24th,
May 2014 and the initial checkout was
completed. The checkout results shows
ALOS-2’s remarkable performances.
 The initial Cal./Val. phase is on-going.
 PALSAR-2 products will be released at the end
of November.
 ALOS-2’s remarkable performances are
supported by innovative component
technologies.
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大地にも精密検査が必要だ
The Earth needs a health check
人間に、健康診断があるように。
地球には、だいち２号がある。
感覚だけでは決してわからない、小さな数値の異常を
健康診断が教えてくれるように。宇宙から地球を精密検査して、
地上にいてはわからない、大地や海の変化を送り続ける。
それが、だいち２号のミッションです。
私たちの足下で、大地は今日も動き、変化しています。
地震、火山噴火、土砂崩れ。災害だけではなく人の手による自然破壊
も原因。
地球の健康を維持するために、宇宙から精密に診断する。
それは未来の、私たちの子孫のためにも、必要なことなのです。
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